A metastable limit for compressed liquid water
A metastable limit for compressed liquid water
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DOI：
10.1038/nphys562
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发表时间：
2007-05-01
期刊：
影响因子：
19.6
通讯作者：
Deeney, C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dolan, D. H.;Knudson, M. D.;Deeney, C.
液态水转化为固态冰通常是一个缓慢的过程。将样品冷却到熔点以下需要一些时间，亚稳液体的成核也需要一些时间（1），因此冻结通常需要数秒（2）。使用等熵压缩技术可以更快地创建冷冻条件，该技术可以深入了解相变的限制时间尺度。在这里，我们表明，水迅速冻结，没有成核剂在足够的压缩，建立一个实用的限制亚稳液相。在7 GPa以上，压缩水在几纳秒内完全转变为高压相。对不同样品和容器材料的冷冻的一致观察表明，过渡均匀地成核。在这些时间尺度上观察到完全冻结进一步意味着液体达到过冷状态（3）。
The transformation of liquid water to solid ice is typically a slow process. To cool a sample below the melting point requires some time, as does nucleation from the metastable liquid(1), so freezing usually occurs over many seconds(2). Freezing conditions can be created much more quickly using isentropic compression techniques, which provide insight into the limiting timescales of the phase transition. Here, we show that water rapidly freezes without a nucleator under sufficient compression, establishing a practical limit for the metastable liquid phase. Above 7 GPa, compressed water completely transforms to a high-pressure phase within a few nanoseconds. The consistent observation of freezing with different samples and container materials suggests that the transition nucleates homogeneously. The observation of complete freezing on these timescales further implies that the liquid reaches a hypercooled state(3).