Olson's Extinction and the latitudinal biodiversity gradient of tetrapods in the Permian
Olson's Extinction and the latitudinal biodiversity gradient of tetrapods in the Permian
复制标题
奥尔森大灭绝与二叠纪四足动物的纬度生物多样性梯度
DOI：
10.1098/rspb.2017.0231
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发表时间：
2017-04-12
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Froebisch, Joerg
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Brocklehurst, Neil;Day, Michael O.;Froebisch, Joerg
陆栖脊椎动物群在早二叠世和中二叠世之间经历了一个重大的变化。早二叠世动物群的特点是多样和丰富的两栖动物和pelycosaurian级联会。在中二叠世，一个以兽形目为主的动物群，包含了各种各样的副爬行动物和一个相当减少的丰富的两栖动物，取代了这一点。然而，这一转变是否是一个真正的事件，伴随着大规模灭绝，或者它是否仅仅是从古赤道纬度到古温带纬度的采样转移的假象，这是有争议的。在这里，我们使用最新的生物地层学，并结合最近的发现，彻底审查二叠纪四足动物化石记录。我们认为，动物群的过渡代表了一个真正的事件，下二叠世温带动物群更类似于下二叠世赤道动物群比中二叠世温带动物群。这种转变在不同纬度地区并不一致;在俄罗斯，这种转变发生得更快，但在北美则有所延迟。大规模灭绝是一个人工制品的纬度生物多样性梯度和采样地点的转变的论点被拒绝：采样校正表明，逆纬度生物多样性梯度普遍在二叠纪，在温带纬度的峰值多样性。
The terrestrial vertebrate fauna underwent a substantial change in composition between the lower and middle Permian. The lower Permian fauna was characterized by diverse and abundant amphibians and pelycosaurian-grade synapsids. During the middle Permian, a therapsid-dominated fauna, containing a diverse array of parareptiles and a considerably reduced richness of amphibians, replaced this. However, it is debated whether the transition is a genuine event, accompanied by a mass extinction, or whether it is merely an artefact of the shift in sampling from the palaeoequatorial latitudes to the palaeotemperate latitudes. Here we use an up-to-date biostratigraphy and incorporate recent discoveries to thoroughly review the Permian tetrapod fossil record. We suggest that the faunal transition represents a genuine event; the lower Permian temperate faunas are more similar to lower Permian equatorial faunas than middle Permian temperate faunas. The transition was not consistent across latitudes; the turnover occurred more rapidly in Russia, but was delayed in North America. The argument that the mass extinction is an artefact of a latitudinal biodiversity gradient and a shift in sampling localities is rejected: sampling correction demonstrates an inverse latitudinal biodiversity gradient was prevalent during the Permian, with peak diversity in the temperate latitudes.