A nonhuman primate model of type II excessive alcohol consumption .1. Low cerebrospinal fluid 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid concentrations and diminished social competence correlate with excessive alcohol consumption
A nonhuman primate model of type II excessive alcohol consumption .1. Low cerebrospinal fluid 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid concentrations and diminished social competence correlate with excessive alcohol consumption
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1530-0277.1996.tb01665.x
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发表时间：
1996-06-01
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Linnoila, M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Higley, JD;Suomi, SJ;Linnoila, M
使用非人灵长类动物模型研究了过量饮酒的发育、生化和行为伴随因素。（1）从婴儿期到成年期脑脊液（CSF）5-羟吲哚乙酸（5-HIAA）的个体间稳定性，（2）早期父母剥夺对成年CSF 5-HIAA浓度的影响，（3）CSF 5-HIAA和3-甲氧基-4-羟基苯乙二醇（MHPG）浓度与饮酒量的相关性，（4）5-HIAA和MHPG浓度与饮酒量的相关性。（4）胜任社会行为频率与饮酒量的相关性。29只恒河猴在前6个月与母亲一起饲养，或在只有同伴的条件下没有成年人饲养。在6个月和50个月大时，每个受试者经历了一系列的4次，为期4天的社会分离。在第一次和最后一次分离之前和期间对脑池CSF进行采样;同时，收集了关于饲养笼中社会支配行为的观察数据。当它们达到50个月大时，在社会分离之前、期间和之后，每天为猴子提供1小时的免费美味酒精溶液。在50个月的分离之前和之后，收集了关于笼舍中所有类型的社会行为的数据。结果表明，同龄人抚养的受试者比母亲抚养的受试者在基线条件下消耗更多的酒精。然而，在社会分离应激条件下，母亲抚养的受试者的消费率增加到与同龄人抚养的受试者相同的消费率。同龄人抚养的受试者在婴儿期和成年期的CSF 5-HIAA浓度也低于母亲抚养的受试者。和高香草酸从婴儿期到成年期是稳定的，并且具有低CSF 5-HIAA和MHPG浓度的年轻成年猴消耗高比率的酒精，特别是当CSF在社会分离期间获得时。在社会交往不频繁和社会行为能力较差的受试者中也观察到高饮酒率。与人类数据相比，我们发现酒精消费率没有性别差异，酒精消费与其他变量之间的相关性也没有性别差异。除了一些例外，这项研究的结果与Cloninger的II型模型对低CSF 5-HIAA男性过度饮酒的预测基本一致，这些男性也表现出冲动控制受损以及暴力和反社会行为。
Developmental, biochemical, and behavioral concomitants of excessive alcohol consumption were investigated using a nonhuman primate model. The variables of interest were: (1) interindividual stability of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) from infancy to adulthood, (2) effect of parental deprivation early in life on adult CSF 5-HIAA concentrations; (3) correlations between CSF 5-HIAA and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG) concentrations and alcohol consumption; and (4) correlation between the frequency of competent social behaviors and alcohol consumption. Twenty-nine rhesus macaques were reared for their first 6 months either with their mothers or without adults in peer-only conditions. At 6 and 50 months of age, each subject underwent a series of four, 4-day social separations. Cisternal CSF was sampled before and during the first and last separations; concomitantly, observational data were collected on social dominance behavior in the home-cage. When they reached 50 months of age, the monkeys were provided free access to a palatable alcohol solution daily for 1-hr periods before, during, and after the social separations. Before and after the 50-month separations, data were collected on all types of social behavior in the home-cage. Results showed that peer-reared subjects consumed more alcohol than mother-reared subjects during baseline conditions. Mother-reared subjects, however, increased their rates of consumption to equal peer-reared subjects' rates of consumption during the conditions of a social separation stressor, Peer-reared subjects also exhibited lower CSF 5-HIAA concentrations in infancy and adulthood than their mother-reared counterparts, With rearing condition held constant, interindividual differences in CSF 5-HIAA, MHPG, and homovanillic acid were stable from infancy to adulthood, and high rates of alcohol were consumed by the young adult monkeys with low CSF 5-HIAA and MHPG concentrations, particularly when the CSF was obtained during the social separations. High rates of alcohol consumption were also observed in subjects with infrequent social interactions and less competent social behaviors. In contrast to the human data, we found no gender differences in rates of alcohol consumption, nor in the correlations between alcohol consumption and the other variables. With some exceptions, findings from the study are generally consistent with predictions from Cloninger's type II model of excessive alcohol consumption in men with low CSF 5-HIAA, who also exhibit impaired impulse control and violent and antisocial behaviors.