Untangling Cortical Complexity During Development.
Untangling Cortical Complexity During Development.
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DOI：
10.1177/1179069518759332
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Taylor V
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mukhtar T;Taylor V
大脑皮层由数十亿个形态和功能各异的神经元组成。这些神经元在发育过程中以团的方式产生和组织。神经元编码和引发复杂认知和运动功能的能力取决于它们在发育过程中建立的精确分子过程、身份和连接。阐明调节新皮层发育的细胞和分子机制多年来一直是一个挑战。大脑皮层神经元亚型根据形态、功能、内在突触特性、位置、连通性和标记基因表达进行分类。新皮层的发育需要一系列过程的协调，包括神经元的适当确定、迁移和定位，获得层特异性转录标记，以及精确轴突投射和网络的形成。历史上，命运图谱、全基因组分析和转录组分析为神经元亚型的表征提供了许多机会。在这篇综述的过程中，我们将讨论大脑皮层的团组织，剖析导致皮层复杂性的细胞亚型，并概述它们的分子特征，以了解大脑皮层中的细胞多样性，重点是兴奋性神经元。
The cerebral cortex is composed of billions of morphologically and functionally distinct neurons. These neurons are produced and organized in a regimental fashion during development. The ability of neurons to encode and elicit complex cognitive and motor functions depends on their precise molecular processes, identity, and connectivity established during development. Elucidating the cellular and molecular mechanisms that regulate development of the neocortex has been a challenge for many years. The cerebral cortical neuronal subtypes are classified based on morphology, function, intrinsic synaptic properties, location, connectivity, and marker gene expression. Development of the neocortex requires an orchestration of a series of processes including the appropriate determination, migration and positioning of the neurons, acquisition of layer-specific transcriptional hallmarks, and formation of precise axonal projections and networks. Historically, fate mapping, genome-wide analysis, and transcriptome profiling have provided many opportunities for the characterization of neuronal subtypes. During the course of this review, we will address the regimental organization of the cerebral cortex, dissect the cellular subtypes that contribute to cortical complexity, and outline their molecular hallmarks to understand cellular diversity in the cerebral cortex with a focus on the excitatory neurons.