Effect of Intermittent and Mild Cold Stimulation on the Immune Function of Bursa in Broilers
Effect of Intermittent and Mild Cold Stimulation on the Immune Function of Bursa in Broilers
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间歇轻度冷刺激对肉鸡法氏囊免疫功能的影响
DOI：
10.3390/ani10081275
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发表时间：
2020-08-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Li, Jianhong
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Liu, Yanhong;Xue, Ge;Li, Jianhong
冷应激对肉仔鸡的免疫、抗氧化、神经内分泌系统和生长性能产生不利影响。如何提高动物的耐寒能力成为人们关注的焦点。然而，目前尚不清楚间歇性和轻度冷刺激如何调节免疫功能。本研究旨在探讨间歇性轻度冷刺激对肉仔鸡法氏囊免疫功能的影响。结果表明，间歇性轻度冷刺激（IMCS）可通过调节肉鸡法氏囊Toll样受体（TLR）、细胞因子和禽β-防御素（AvBD）的产生，帮助肉鸡适应低温环境，维持体内环境稳定。我们期望通过反复的间歇性冷训练，找到一种促进冷适应建立的方法。摘要冷胁迫导致生长性能下降，增加生产成本。冷适应可以增强机体免疫功能，缓解应激状态对机体的负面影响。研究了间歇性轻度冷刺激对肉仔鸡腔上囊免疫功能的影响。选用400只1日龄健康肉仔鸡，随机分为对照组（CC）和冷刺激组（CS）。CC组在肉仔鸡的常规饲养温度下饲养，而CS组从15至35日龄（D35）以1天的间隔在低于CC温度3°C下饲养3小时、4小时、5小时或6小时，分别表示为CS3、CS4、CS5和CS6。随后，将它们在20°C下从36日龄饲养至49日龄（D49）。通过检测TLRs、细胞因子和AvBD的表达水平，了解肉鸡法氏囊的免疫功能。21 d IMCS后（D36），CS组TLR 1、TLR 15、TLR 21、IL-8、IFN-γ和AvBD 8的表达水平均低于CC组（p < 0.05）。CS3、CS5和CS6组TLR 3、TLR 4和TLR 7的表达水平降低（p < 0.05），但CC和CS4组无显著差异（p > 0.05）。IMCS结束14 d时（D49），CS组TLR 2、TLR 3、TLR 5、TLR 7、TLR 15、TLR 21、IL-8及AvBD 2、AvBD 4、AvBD 7的表达水平均低于CC组（p < 0.05）。除CS4外，CS3、CS5和CS6中TLR 1、IFN-γ和AvBD 8的表达水平仍低于CC中的那些（p < 0.05）。因此，间歇性轻度冷刺激可通过调节腔上囊TLRs、细胞因子和AvBD的产生来调节免疫反应，从而帮助肉鸡适应低温环境，维持体内平衡。
Simple Summary Cold stress has an adverse effect on immune, antioxidant, and neuroendocrine systems as well as growth performance of broilers. Much attention was focused on how to improve the cold resistance of animals. However, it is not clear how intermittent and mild cold stimulation regulate the immune function. Therefore, the present study was designed to investigate the effect of intermittent and mild cold stimulation on the immune function of bursa in broilers. Our results indicated that the intermittent and mild cold stimulation (IMCS) could help broilers adapt to the low ambient temperature and maintain homeostasis by modulating the production of Toll-like receptors (TLRs), cytokines, and avian β-defensins (AvBDs) in the bursa of broilers. We expect to find a way to promote the establishment of cold adaptation through repeated intermittent cold trainings. Abstract Cold stress causes growth performance to decrease and increases production costs. Cold adaptation can enhance immune function and alleviate the negative impact caused by the stress condition. The study investigated the effect of intermittent and mild cold stimulation on the immune function of the bursa of Fabricius in broilers. A total of 400 healthy one-day-old broilers were divided into the control group (CC) and cold stimulation (CS) groups. The CC group was raised at a conventional raising temperature of broilers, while the CS groups were raised at 3°C below the temperature of the CC for three-, four-, five-, or six-hour periods at one-day intervals from 15 to 35 days of age (D35), denoted CS3, CS4, CS5, and CS6, respectively. Subsequently, they were raised at 20°C from 36 to 49 days of age (D49). The expression levels of TLRs, cytokines, and AvBDs were determined to access the immune function of bursa in broilers. After 21-day IMCS (at D36), the expression levels of TLR1, TLR15 and TLR21, interleukin (IL)-8, and interferon (IFN)-γ, as well as AvBD8 in CS groups, were lower than those in CC (p < 0.05). The expression levels of TLR3, TLR4 and TLR7, were decreased in the CS3, CS5, and CS6 groups (p < 0.05), but there were no significant differences in both the CC and CS4 groups (p > 0.05). When the IMCS ended for 14 days (at D49), the expression levels of TLR2, TLR3, TLR5, TLR7, TLR15, and TLR21, and IL-8, as well as AvBD2, AvBD4 and AvBD7 in CS groups, were lower than those in CC (p < 0.05). In addition to CS4, the expression levels of TLR1, IFN-γ, and AvBD8 in CS3, CS5, and CS6 were still lower than those in CC (p < 0.05). We concluded that the intermittent and mild cold stimulation could regulate immunoreaction by modulating the production of TLRs, cytokines, and AvBDs in the bursa, which could help broilers adapt to low ambient temperature and maintain homeostasis.