What can we learn about autism from autistic persons?
What can we learn about autism from autistic persons?
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DOI：
10.1159/000140086
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发表时间：
2008-01-01
影响因子：
22.8
通讯作者：
Cohen, David
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chamak, Brigitte;Bonniau, Beatrice;Cohen, David
背景资料：到目前为止，很少有研究集中在自闭症患者自己的观点，尽管越来越多的出版自传。这项研究的目的是突出他们的个人经历，并将其与科学和医学知识和表征进行比较。方法：采用人类学的方法，分析了16篇自传体文章和5个自闭症患者的访谈。我们系统地筛选了这些材料，并探讨了作者的社会人口特征，认知技能和兴趣，重点是他们的感官知觉经验和他们的自闭症表征。结果如下：作者的年龄（22 - 67岁），他们的国家（n = 8）和背景各不相同，其中大多数是患有自闭症或自闭症综合征的高功能个体。最引人注目的观察结果是，所有人都指出，不寻常的感知和信息处理以及情绪调节障碍是自闭症的核心症状，而目前的分类没有提到它们。结论：我们的研究结果表明，已被选定为精神疾病谱的主要迹象被认为是由自闭症患者表达自己的感知特点和强烈的情绪反应引起的表现。这些因素值得专业人士考虑，以更好地了解自闭症患者的行为和需求。我们建议将这一点包括在对下一个精神病学分类的反思中。版权所有（C）2008 S. Karger AG，巴塞尔。
Background: To date, few studies have focused on the viewpoints of autistic persons themselves despite an increasing number of published autobiographies. The aim of this study is to highlight their personal experiences, and to compare them to scientific and medical knowledge and representations. Method: Adopting an anthropological approach, we analyzed 16 autobiographical writings and 5 interviews with autistic persons. We systematically screened this material and explored the writers' sociodemographic characteristics, cognitive skills and interests with a focus on their sensory-perceptual experiences and their representations of autism. Results: The authors' ages (22-67 years), their countries (n = 8) and backgrounds were varied, and most of them were high-functioning individuals with autism or Asperger syndrome. The most striking observations were that all of them pointed out that unusual perceptions and information processing, as well as impairments in emotional regulation, were the core symptoms of autism, whereas the current classifications do not mention them. Conclusions: Our results suggest that what has been selected as major signs by psychiatric nosography is regarded as manifestations induced by perceptive peculiarities and strong emotional reactions by the autistic persons who expressed themselves. These considerations deserve to be taken into account by professionals to better understand the behavior and needs of autistic persons. We propose to include this point in the reflection on the next psychiatric classifications. Copyright (C) 2008 S. Karger AG, Basel.