Adolescent intake of caffeinated energy drinks does not affect adult alcohol consumption in C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice
Adolescent intake of caffeinated energy drinks does not affect adult alcohol consumption in C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice
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DOI：
10.1016/j.alcohol.2016.05.001
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发表时间：
2016-08-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
van Rijn, Richard M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Robins, Meridith T.;DeFriel, Julia N.;van Rijn, Richard M.
青少年对能量饮料产品的营销和大量消费的增加对青少年的发展和药物奖励构成了很大程度上未知的风险。然而，随着越来越多的报告显示，年轻人单独饮用大量能量饮料或与酒精混合饮用后出现急性健康问题，阐明这些潜在风险的必要性迫在眉睫。能量饮料含有大量的咖啡因和蔗糖；因此，饮用能量饮料可能会导致药物相关行为的改变，因为咖啡因和蔗糖的摄入激活了与滥用物质相似的大脑通路。最近的一项研究发现，青少年摄入咖啡因会增加对可卡因的敏感性，我们试图调查青少年长期摄入能量饮料是如何改变成年后的酒精使用和偏好的。为此，我们利用三种不同的能量饮料暴露范式和两种雄性小鼠（C57BL/6和BALB/c）来监测青春期通过能量饮料暴露咖啡因对成年酒精摄入量的影响。这些范例包括两个自愿饮用能量饮料或类似能量饮料物质的模型和一个强迫饮用含有不同咖啡因浓度的蔗糖溶液的模型。在青少年接触这些溶液后，对酒精摄入量进行了监测，在有限的访问中，在成年期的水和浓度增加的酒精之间选择两瓶。在这三种模型或两种小鼠品系中，我们都没有观察到青少年“能量饮料”的消费或暴露与成年酒精摄入量或偏好的变化有关。虽然我们目前的临床前研究结果表明，接触大量咖啡因不会改变未来的酒精摄入量，但在将这些结果应用于人类之前，需要考虑小鼠和人类之间咖啡因代谢的差异。(C) 2016 Elsevier Inc.版权所有。
The rise in marketing and mass consumption of energy drink products by adolescents poses a largely unknown risk on adolescent development and drug reward. Yet, with increasing reports of acute health issues present in young adults who ingest large quantities of energy drinks alone or in combination with alcohol, the need to elucidate these potential risks is pressing. Energy drinks contain high levels of caffeine and sucrose; therefore, exposure to energy drinks may lead to changes in drug-related behaviors since caffeine and sucrose consumption activates similar brain pathways engaged by substances of abuse. With a recent study observing that adolescent caffeine consumption increased cocaine sensitivity, we sought to investigate how prolonged energy drink exposure in adolescence alters alcohol use and preference in adulthood. To do so, we utilized three different energy drink exposure paradigms and two strains of male mice (C57BL/6 and BALB/c) to monitor the effect of caffeine exposure via energy drinks in adolescence on adult alcohol intake. These paradigms included two models of volitional consumption of energy drinks or energy drink-like substances and one model of forced consumption of sucrose solutions with different caffeine concentrations. Following adolescent exposure to these solutions, alcohol intake was monitored in a limited-access, two-bottle choice between water and increasing concentrations of alcohol during adulthood. In none of the three models or two strains of mice did we observe that adolescent 'energy drink' consumption or exposure was correlated with changes in adult alcohol intake or preference. While our current preclinical results suggest that exposure to large amounts of caffeine does not alter future alcohol intake, differences in caffeine metabolism between mice and humans need to be considered before translating these results to humans. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.