Breathing to inspire and arouse.
Breathing to inspire and arouse.
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呼吸以激发和唤醒。
DOI：
10.1126/science.aan1466
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发表时间：
2017
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Smith,JeffreyC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sheikhbahaei,Shahriar;Smith,JeffreyC
呼吸是生命中永恒的节奏之一，人们通常认为这是理所当然的，它表面上的简单掩盖了所涉及的复杂神经机制。这种行为比仅仅产生灵感更复杂，因为呼吸与许多其他运动功能相结合，如发声，口面运动行为，情感表达（笑和哭）和运动（1，2）。此外，认知会强烈影响呼吸。瑜伽，冥想或心理治疗期间的有意识呼吸可以调节情绪，唤醒状态或压力（3）。因此，了解呼吸行为、大脑唤醒状态和高阶大脑活动之间的联系是非常有趣的。在第1411页，Yackleet等人。(4)在小鼠大脑中，识别出一个明显特化的、分子上可识别的、由大约350个神经元组成的小子集，该子集形成了一个回路，用于将呼吸活动的信息传递给其他中枢神经系统神经元，特别是脑干中蓝斑（LC）中的一组去甲肾上腺素能神经元，从而影响唤醒状态（见图）。这一发现为呼吸的运动行为如何影响高级大脑功能提供了新的见解。
Breathing is one of the perpetual rhythms of life that is often taken for granted, its apparent simplicity belying the complex neural machinery involved. This behavior is more complicated than just producing inspiration, as breathing is integrated with many other motor functions such as vocalization, orofacial motor behaviors, emotional expression (laughing and crying), and locomotion (1,2). In addition, cognition can strongly influence breathing. Conscious breathing during yoga, meditation, or psychotherapy can modulate emotion, arousal state, or stress (3). Therefore, understanding the links between breathing behavior, brain arousal state, and higher-order brain activity is of great interest. On page 1411 of this issue, Yackleet al.(4) identify an apparently specialized, molecularly identifiable, small subset of ∼350 neurons in the mouse brain that forms a circuit for transmitting information about respiratory activity to other central nervous system neurons, specifically with a group of noradrenergic neurons in the locus coeruleus (LC) in the brainstem, that influences arousal state (see the figure). This finding provides new insight into how the motor act of breathing can influence higher-order brain functions.