Identification and measurement of illicit drugs and their metabolites in urban wastewater by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry
Identification and measurement of illicit drugs and their metabolites in urban wastewater by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry
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DOI：
10.1021/ac061095b
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发表时间：
2006-12-15
影响因子：
7.4
通讯作者：
Bagnati, Renzo
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Castiglioni, Sara;Zuccato, Ettore;Bagnati, Renzo
人类排泄的非法药物残留物及其代谢物可能流入和流经废水处理厂。本研究的目的是建立一种测定废水中可卡因、安非他明、吗啡、大麻素、美沙酮及其代谢物的方法。复合24小时样品从城市污水处理厂富集氘代内标物固相萃取前。采用高压液相色谱串联质谱法和多反应监测进行定量。回收率一般高于80%，和定量限在低纳克每升范围内的未经处理和处理的废水。该方法的总体变异性低于10%，为未经处理的废水和5%的处理。该方法被应用到来自意大利和瑞士的两个处理厂的废水样品。可卡因及其代谢物苯甲酰芽子碱的定量范围为0.2-1 μ g/L，吗啡为80- 200 ng/L，6-乙酰吗啡为10 ng/L，11-去甲-9-羧基-Δ 9-四氢大麻酚为60-90 ng/L，美沙酮及其主要代谢物2-亚乙基-1，5-二甲基-3，3-二苯基吡咯烷为10-90 ng/L，苯丙胺低于20 ng/L。正如以前报告的可卡因，这种方法可能有助于估计和监测人口中的药物消费在真实的时间，帮助社会科学家和当局打击药物滥用。
Residues of illicit drugs and their metabolites that are excreted by humans may flow into and through wastewater treatment plants. The aim of this study was to develop a method for the determination of cocaine, amphetamines, morphine, cannabinoids, methadone, and some of their metabolites in wastewater. Composite 24-h samples from urban treatment plants were enriched with deuterated internal standards before solid-phase extraction. High-pressure liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry with multiple reaction monitoring was used for quantitation. Recoveries were generally higher than 80%, and limits of quantifications were in the low nanograms-per-liter range for untreated and treated wastewater. The overall variability of the method was lower than 10% for untreated and 5% for treated wastewater. The method was applied to wastewater samples coming from two treatment plants in Italy and Switzerland. Quantification ranges were found to be 0.2-1 mu g/L for cocaine and its metabolite benzoylecgonine, 80- 200 ng/L for morphine, 10 ng/L for 6-acetylmorphine, 60-90 ng/L for 11-nor-9-carboxy-Delta 9- tetrahydrocannabinol, 10-90 ng/L for methadone and its main metabolite 2-ethylidene-1,5-dimethyl-3,3-diphenylpyrrolidine, and lower than 20 ng/L for amphetamines. As previously reported for cocaine, this method could be useful to estimate and monitor drug consumption in the population in real time, helping social scientists and authorities to combat drug abuse.