When a Tree Dies in the Forest: Scaling Climate-Driven Tree Mortality to Ecosystem Water and Carbon Fluxes
When a Tree Dies in the Forest: Scaling Climate-Driven Tree Mortality to Ecosystem Water and Carbon Fluxes
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DOI：
10.1007/s10021-016-9982-1
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发表时间：
2016-09-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Trotsiuk, Volodymyr
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Anderegg, William R. L.;Martinez-Vilalta, Jordi;Trotsiuk, Volodymyr
近几十年来，全球已经观察到干旱和高温导致的树木死亡，以及相关的虫害爆发，预计未来气候将会增加。尽管树木死亡率有可能深刻地改变生态系统的碳和水循环，但树木死亡率如何扩大到生态系统的功能和通量尚不确定。我们描述了这种尺度的框架，其中死亡率的影响是死亡率属性的函数，如被砍伐树木的空间聚类和功能作用，以及生态系统属性，如生产力和多样性。我们利用遥感数据和生态系统通量数据来说明这一框架，并将气候驱动的树木死亡率置于其他主要干扰的背景下。我们发现，新出现的证据表明，气候驱动的树木死亡率影响可能相对较小，恢复时间非常快（类似于生态系统净产量的4年）。我们回顾了模拟死亡对生态系统通量影响所需的生态系统模型中的关键过程，并强调了模型中的关键研究空白。总的来说，我们的研究结果强调了更好地监测和模拟树木死亡率影响所需的关键变化轴，并为将气候驱动的树木死亡率纳入干扰框架提供了基础。
Drought- and heat-driven tree mortality, along with associated insect outbreaks, have been observed globally in recent decades and are expected to increase in future climates. Despite its potential to profoundly alter ecosystem carbon and water cycles, how tree mortality scales up to ecosystem functions and fluxes is uncertain. We describe a framework for this scaling where the effects of mortality are a function of the mortality attributes, such as spatial clustering and functional role of the trees killed, and ecosystem properties, such as productivity and diversity. We draw upon remote-sensing data and ecosystem flux data to illustrate this framework and place climate-driven tree mortality in the context of other major disturbances. We find that emerging evidence suggests that climate-driven tree mortality impacts may be relatively small and recovery times are remarkably fast (similar to 4 years for net ecosystem production). We review the key processes in ecosystem models necessary to simulate the effects of mortality on ecosystem fluxes and highlight key research gaps in modeling. Overall, our results highlight the key axes of variation needed for better monitoring and modeling of the impacts of tree mortality and provide a foundation for including climate-driven tree mortality in a disturbance framework.