Quantitative data analysis : doing social research to test ideas
Quantitative data analysis : doing social research to test ideas
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发表时间：
2008
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通讯作者：
D. Treiman;Deirdre D. Johnston;Thomas J. Grites
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作者：
D. Treiman;Deirdre D. Johnston;Thomas J. Grites
表格、图形、展品和盒子。前言。作者。介绍。 1 交叉制表。本章的内容。通过具体例子介绍这本书。交叉表。本章展示了什么。桌子上还有 2 个。本章的内容。阐述的逻辑。抑制变量。加法效应和相互作用效应。直接标准化。关于统计控制与实验的最后说明。本章展示了什么。 3 桌上还有更多内容。本章的内容。重组表格以提取新信息。何时“向后”调整表格百分比。因变量由均值表示的交叉表。差异指数。撰写有关交叉表的文章。本章展示了什么。 4 关于计算机数据处理。本章的内容。介绍。数据文件是如何组织的。转换数据。本章展示了什么。附录 4.A 使用 Stata 进行分析。使用 Stata 进行分析的技巧。一些特别有用的 Stata 10.0 命令。 5 相关性和回归简介（普通最小二乘法）。本章的内容。介绍。量化关系的大小：回归分析。评估关系的强度：相关性分析。相关系数和回归系数之间的关系。影响相关（和回归）系数大小的因素。相关比率。本章展示了什么。 6 多重相关和回归简介（普通最小二乘法）。本章的内容。介绍。一个实例：中国识字率的决定因素。虚拟变量。跨组比较的策略。比较模型的贝叶斯替代方案。独立验证。本章展示了什么。 7 多重回归技巧：处理特殊分析问题的技术。本章的内容。非线性变换。测试系数的相等性。趋势分析：测试线性假设。线性样条。将系数表示为与总平均值的偏差（多重分类分析）。表示虚拟变量的其他方式。分解两种方法之间的差异。本章展示了什么。 8 缺失数据的多重插补。本章的内容。介绍。一个实例：文化资本对俄罗斯教育程度的影响。本章展示了什么。 9 样本设计和调查估算。本章的内容。调查样本。结论。本章展示了什么。 10 回归诊断。本章的内容。介绍。一个可行的例子：地位获得的社会差异。稳健回归。引导和标准错误。本章展示了什么。 11 规模建设。本章的内容。介绍。有效性。可靠性。规模建设。变量误差回归。本章展示了什么。 12 对数线性分析。本章的内容。介绍。选择首选型号。简约模型。书目注释。本章展示了什么。附录 12.A 效果参数的推导。附录 12.B 最大似然估计简介。正态分布的平均值。对数线性参数。 13 二项 Logistic 回归。本章的内容。介绍。与对数线性分析的关系。有效的逻辑回归示例：预测武装威胁的流行程度。第二个例子：日本的学校教育升学率。第三个工作示例（离散时间风险率模型）：初婚年龄。第四个工作示例（病例对照模型）：谁被任命为俄罗斯的贵族阶层职位？本章展示了什么。附录 13.A 一些对数和指数的代数。附录 13.B 概率分析简介。 14 多项式和序数 Logistic 回归以及 Tobit 回归。本章的内容。多项式 Logit 分析。序数 Logistic 回归。删失因变量的 Tobit 回归（及联合程序）。用于分析有限因变量的其他模型。本章展示了什么。 15 改进因果推理：固定效应和随机效应建模。本章的内容。介绍。连续变量的固定效应模型。连续变量的随机效应模型。一个可行的例子：中国收入的决定因素。二元结果的固定效应模型。书目注释。本章展示了什么。 16 最终想法和未来方向：研究设计和解释问题。本章的内容。研究设计问题。概率抽样的重要性。最后一点：良好的专业实践。本章展示了什么。附录 A：本书中使用的数据的数据描述和下载位置。附录 B：综合社会调查的调查估计。参考。指数。
Tables, Figures, Exhibits, and Boxes. Preface. The Author. Introduction. 1 CROSS-TABULATIONS. What This Chapter Is About. Introduction to the Book via a Concrete Example. Cross-Tabulations. What This Chapter Has Shown. 2 MORE ON TABLES. What This Chapter Is About. The Logic of Elaboration. Suppressor Variables. Additive and Interaction Effects. Direct Standardization. A Final Note on Statistical Controls Versus Experiments. What This Chapter Has Shown. 3 STILL MORE ON TABLES. What This Chapter Is About. Reorganizing Tables to Extract New Information. When to Percentage a Table "Backwards". Cross-Tabulations in Which the Dependent Variable Is Represented by a Mean. Index of Dissimilarity. Writing About Cross-Tabulations. What This Chapter Has Shown. 4 ON THE MANIPULATION OF DATA BY COMPUTER. What This Chapter Is About. Introduction. How Data Files Are Organized. Transforming Data. What This Chapter Has Shown. Appendix 4.A Doing Analysis Using Stata. Tips on Doing Analysis Using Stata. Some Particularly Useful Stata 10.0 Commands. 5 INTRODUCTION TO CORRELATION AND REGRESSION (ORDINARY LEAST SQUARES). What This Chapter Is About. Introduction. Quantifying the Size of a Relationship: Regression Analysis. Assessing the Strength of a Relationship: Correlation Analysis. The Relationship Between Correlation and Regression Coefficients. Factors Affecting the Size of Correlation (and Regression) Coefficients. Correlation Ratios. What This Chapter Has Shown. 6 INTRODUCTION TO MULTIPLE CORRELATION AND REGRESSION (ORDINARY LEAST SQUARES). What This Chapter Is About. Introduction. A Worked Example: The Determinants of Literacy in China. Dummy Variables. A Strategy for Comparisons Across Groups. A Bayesian Alternative for Comparing Models. Independent Validation. What This Chapter Has Shown. 7 MULTIPLE REGRESSION TRICKS: TECHNIQUES FOR HANDLING SPECIAL ANALYTIC PROBLEMS. What This Chapter Is About. Nonlinear Transformations. Testing the Equality of Coefficients. Trend Analysis: Testing the Assumption of Linearity. Linear Splines. Expressing Coefficients as Deviations from the Grand Mean (Multiple Classifi cation Analysis). Other Ways of Representing Dummy Variables. Decomposing the Difference Between Two Means. What This Chapter Has Shown. 8 MULTIPLE IMPUTATION OF MISSING DATA. What This Chapter Is About. Introduction. A Worked Example: The Effect of Cultural Capital on Educational Attainment in Russia. What This Chapter Has Shown. 9 SAMPLE DESIGN AND SURVEY ESTIMATION. What This Chapter Is About. Survey Samples. Conclusion. What This Chapter Has Shown. 10 REGRESSION DIAGNOSTICS. What This Chapter Is About. Introduction. A Worked Example: Societal Differences in Status Attainment. Robust Regression. Bootstrapping and Standard Errors. What This Chapter Has Shown. 11 SCALE CONSTRUCTION. What This Chapter Is About. Introduction. Validity. Reliability. Scale Construction. Errors-in-Variables Regression. What This Chapter Has Shown. 12 LOG-LINEAR ANALYSIS. What This Chapter Is About. Introduction. Choosing a Preferred Model. Parsimonious Models. A Bibliographic Note. What This Chapter Has Show. Appendix 12.A Derivation of the Effect Parameters. Appendix 12.B Introduction to Maximum Likelihood Estimation. Mean of a Normal Distribution. Log-Linear Parameters. 13 BINOMIAL LOGISTIC REGRESSION. What This Chapter Is About. Introduction. Relation to Log-Linear Analysis. A Worked Logistic Regression Example: Predicting Prevalence of Armed Threats. A Second Worked Example: Schooling Progression Ratios in Japan. A Third Worked Example (Discrete-Time Hazard-Rate Models): Age at First Marriage. A Fourth Worked Example (Case-Control Models): Who Was Appointed to a Nomenklatura Position in Russia? What This Chapter Has Shown. Appendix 13.A Some Algebra for Logs and Exponents. Appendix 13.B Introduction to Probit Analysis. 14 MULTINOMIAL AND ORDINAL LOGISTIC REGRESSION AND TOBIT REGRESSION. What This Chapter Is About. Multinomial Logit Analysis. Ordinal Logistic Regression. Tobit Regression (and Allied Procedures) for Censored Dependent Variables. Other Models for the Analysis of Limited Dependent Variables. What This Chapter Has Shown. 15 IMPROVING CAUSAL INFERENCE: FIXED EFFECTS AND RANDOM EFFECTS MODELING. What This Chapter Is About. Introduction. Fixed Effects Models for Continuous Variables. Random Effects Models for Continuous Variables. A Worked Example: The Determinants of Income in China. Fixed Effects Models for Binary Outcomes. A Bibliographic Note. What This Chapter Has Shown. 16 FINAL THOUGHTS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS: RESEARCH DESIGN AND INTERPRETATION ISSUES. What this Chapter is About. Research Design Issues. The Importance of Probability Sampling. A Final Note: Good Professional Practice. What This Chapter Has Shown. Appendix A: Data Descriptions and Download Locations for the Data Used in This Book. Appendix B: Survey Estimation with the General Social Survey. References. Index.