Conflict and disfluency as aversive signals: context-specific processing adjustments are modulated by affective location associations
Conflict and disfluency as aversive signals: context-specific processing adjustments are modulated by affective location associations
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DOI：
10.1007/s00426-016-0822-x
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发表时间：
2018-03-01
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Fischer, Rico
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Dreisbach, Gesine;Reindl, Anna-Lena;Fischer, Rico
特定于上下文的处理调整是灵活的人类动作控制的一个标志性特征。然而，到目前为止，这些调整背后的确切机制尚未完全了解。在这里，有人认为，厌恶的信号产生的冲突或disfluency-experience最初激励这种特定的上下文处理调整。我们测试了控制适应的厌恶冲突信号的效率是否取决于它所呈现的上下文的情感性质。在两个实验中，高与低比例的厌恶信号（实验1：冲突试验;实验2：不流利的试验），提出了以上或以下的屏幕中心。这种位置操纵的动机是现有的证据表明，垂直度通常与情感效价，向上是积极的，向下是消极的。从那里假设厌恶信号在以较低（即，更消极的）位置。当高比例的厌恶信号出现在较低的位置时，这将导致降低的上下文特定比例效应。结果完全证实了预测。在这两个实验中，特定位置的比例效应只存在于当高比例的厌恶信号发生在更积极的位置以上，但减少（实验1），甚至消除（实验2）时，高比例发生在更消极的位置以下。这种互动的处理调整与情感背景的情况下，因此可以作为进一步的线索控制适应的情感起源。
Context-specific processing adjustments are one signature feature of flexible human action control. However, up to now the precise mechanisms underlying these adjustments are not fully understood. Here it is argued that aversive signals produced by conflict- or disfluency-experience originally motivate such context-specific processing adjustments. We tested whether the efficiency of the aversive conflict signal for control adaptation depends on the affective nature of the context it is presented in. In two experiments, high vs. low proportions of aversive signals (Experiment 1: conflict trials; Experiment 2: disfluent trials) were presented either above or below the screen center. This location manipulation was motivated by existing evidence that verticality is generally associated with affective valence with up being positive and down being negative. From there it was hypothesized that the aversive signals would lose their trigger function for processing adjustments when presented at the lower (i.e., more negative) location. This should then result in a reduced context-specific proportion effect when the high proportion of aversive signals was presented at the lower location. Results fully confirmed the predictions. In both experiments, the location-specific proportion effects were only present when the high proportion of aversive signals occurred at the more positive location above but were reduced (Experiment 1) or even eliminated (Experiment 2) when the high proportion occurred at the more negative location below. This interaction of processing adjustments with affective background contexts can thus be taken as further hint for an affective origin of control adaptations.