A gendered human rights analysis of Ebola and Zika: locating gender in global health emergencies
A gendered human rights analysis of Ebola and Zika: locating gender in global health emergencies
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DOI：
10.1111/1468-2346.12704
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发表时间：
2016-09-01
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
Bennett, Belinda
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Davies, Sara E.;Bennett, Belinda
在全球范围内，性别仍然是造成男女健康结果不同的一个关键因素。本文分析了性别对全球卫生辩论的特殊意义，以及国际人权法在支持公共卫生紧急情况期间改善卫生成果方面的作用。具体来看最近的埃博拉和寨卡疫情，我们发现在这两种情况下特别令人不安的是，在发布针对妇女的建议时，缺乏与人权语言的接触，以及这些危机地区妇女的不同背景。我们发现，应该从埃博拉经验中吸取的教训并没有应用于寨卡疫情，正在发布的国际公共卫生建议与经历危机的人普遍存在的结构性性别不平等之间仍然存在脱节。在这两种情况下，我们发现，危机爆发时的应对措施都假定妇女有经济、社会或监管方面的选择，可以行使国际咨询意见中所载的自主权。埃博拉和寨卡的问题在于，将结构性性别不平等排除在危机应对措施之外，进一步加剧了这些不平等。本文主张进行背景人权分析，将性别视为健康的社会和经济决定因素。
Globally gender remains a key factor in differing health outcomes for men and women. This article analyses the particular relevance of gender for debates about global health and the role for international human rights law in supporting improved health outcomes during public health emergencies. Looking specifically at the recent Ebola and Zika outbreaks, what we find particularly troubling in both cases is the paucity of engagement with human rights language and the diverse backgrounds of women in these locations of crisis, when women-specific advice was being issued. We find the lessons that should have been learnt from the Ebola experience have not been applied in the Zika outbreak and there remains a disconnect between the international public health advice being issued and the experience of pervasive structural gender inequalities among those experiencing the crises. In both cases we find that responses at the outbreak of the crisis presume that women have economic, social or regulatory options to exercise the autonomy contained in international advice. The problem in the case of both Ebola and Zika has been that leaving structural gender inequalities out of the crisis response has further compounded those inequalities. The article argues for a contextual human rights analysis that takes into account gender as a social and economic determinant of health.