OPTIMAL LIFE HISTORIES, OPTIMAL NOTATION, AND THE VALUE OF REPRODUCTIVE VALUE
OPTIMAL LIFE HISTORIES, OPTIMAL NOTATION, AND THE VALUE OF REPRODUCTIVE VALUE
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DOI：
10.1086/283956
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发表时间：
1982-01-01
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
GOODMAN, D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
GOODMAN, D
繁殖价值是生活史优化的核心结构。在最优生活史中，每个年龄的生殖值代表一个约束最大化问题的解。不管年龄层之间的权衡如何，这都是正确的。最近的文献认为，相反的误解的原则，并忽略了在最大化的约束。最大化的生活史的片段，最大化的片段在相反的顺序，最大化的分解成瞬时贡献在给定的年龄和最大化的生殖价值的替代状态库什作为性别被认为是。为了澄清最大化过程和约束之间的关系，一个简单的迭代方法来实现最大化，同时满足约束。为了达到瞬时分解，它表明，生殖值出现作为伴随变量的最优控制配方，其中跨年龄组的影响被明确纳入一个变量，代表生理状态。在考虑替代状态，本文定义了男性生殖价值，并得出结论，在平衡的性别组成，每种性别的生殖价值将是平等的，在任何年龄的性别变化是可能的。修正了离散时间再生值公式和Lotka方程中的一些常见错误。
Reproductive value is the central construct in life history optimization. In the optimal life history, the reproductive value at every age represents the solution to a constrained maximization problem. This holds true regardless of trade-offs across age classes. The recent literature arguing to the contrary has misunderstood the principle and has neglected the constraints in the maximization. Maximization over segments of the life history, maximization over segments taken in reverse sequence, maximization in terms of a decomposition into instantaneous contributions at a given age and maximization of reproductive value over alternative states cush as the sexes are considered. To clarify the relation betwen the maximization procedure and the constraints, a simple iterative approach to achieving maximization and simultaneously satisfying the constraints is described. To arrive at the instantaneous decomposition, it is shown that reproductive value arises as an adjoint variable in an optimal control formulation, where effects across age classes are explicitly incorporated in a variable representing physiological state. In considering alternative states, this paper defines a male reproductive value and concludes that at equilibrium sex composition, the reproductive values of each sex will be equal at any age where a sex change is possible. Some common errors in the discrete time formulation of reproductive value and Lotka''s equation are corrected.