The prospective relationship between loneliness, life satisfaction and psychological distress before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in the UK.
The prospective relationship between loneliness, life satisfaction and psychological distress before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in the UK.
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DOI：
10.1007/s10389-022-01719-x
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发表时间：
2022-05-27
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在新冠肺炎大流行期间，英国人的心理健康状况似乎显著恶化，孤独、生活满意度和心理苦恼的比率恢复到疫情前水平的时间比其他地方都要长。然而，对于这些结果之间的相互作用，或者对变化速度起作用的因素，人们知之甚少。目前的研究旨在通过同时调查从疫情爆发前到2020年4月至11月期间英国人的孤独、生活满意度和心理痛苦水平的变化来解决这一差距，同时严格评估一系列社会生态影响因素的作用。使用《理解社会》(N=3475)的纵向数据，使用多元潜在增长曲线模型，探讨了从大流行前水平(2017-2019年)到2020年11月的孤独感、生活满意度和心理苦恼的变化，这些结果之间的交互作用，以及个人、社会、社区和地理因素在变化率中的作用。与大流行前的水平(2017-2019年)相比，2020年4月至11月期间，孤独感、生活满意度和心理痛苦的恶化幅度最小，而每个结果的变化率影响了其他两个结果的变化率。关键的个人(年龄、性别、身体健康)、社会(朋友的数量和与他们的相似性)和环境(邻里质量)变量影响基线分数和变化率。考虑到孤独感、生活满意度和心理困扰之间的显著动态关联，我们认为，应对任何一种结果的干预措施可能会对其他人产生有益影响，同时强调可塑性因素以及个人和社区层面的干预措施来应对孤独。
Mental wellbeing in the UK seems to have deteriorated significantly during the COVID-19 pandemic, with the rates of loneliness, life satisfaction and psychological distress taking longer to return to the pre-pandemic levels than elsewhere. Nevertheless, there is little knowledge about the interactions between these outcomes, or the factors that played a role in the rates of change. The current study aims to address this gap by simultaneously investigating changes in loneliness, life satisfaction and psychological distress in the UK from pre-pandemic levels to those between April and November 2020, while critically assessing the role of a range of social ecological influencing factors. Longitudinal data from Understanding Society (N=3475) were used to explore the changes in loneliness, life satisfaction and psychological distress from pre-pandemic levels (2017-2019) through November 2020, the interactions between these outcomes, and the role of individual, social, community and geographic factors in the rates of change, using multivariate latent growth curve model. Loneliness, life satisfaction and psychological distress deteriorated minimally between April and November 2020, compared to the pre-pandemic levels (2017–2019), while the rate of change in each outcome influenced the rates of change in the other two. Key individual (age, gender, physical health), social (number of friends and similarity to them), and environmental (neighbourhood quality) variables influenced baseline scores and the rates of change. Considering significant dynamic associations between loneliness, life satisfaction and psychological distress, we argue that interventions to tackle any one of the outcomes may have beneficial effects on others, while highlighting malleable factors and individual and community-level interventions to tackle loneliness.