Boundedness in event cognition: Viewers spontaneously represent the temporal texture of events
Boundedness in event cognition: Viewers spontaneously represent the temporal texture of events
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jml.2022.104353
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发表时间：
2022-07-22
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
Papafragou，Anna
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ji，Yue;Papafragou，Anna
追溯到亚里士多德的一本关于事件的长篇哲学和语言学文献区分了内部按照导致高潮的不同时间阶段(边界事件；例如，女孩折叠手帕)和内部无结构且缺乏内在终点的事件(无边界事件；例如，女孩挥舞手帕)的事件。在这里，我们展示了事件认知自发地计算事件的时间结构的这个基本维度。人们观看了有界或无界事件的视频，其中包括持续0.13 S(实验1)或0.03 S(实验2和3)的视觉中断。中断被放置在事件刺激的中点或接近终点。受试者必须指出他们在观看每个视频后是否看到了中断(实验1和实验2)，或者当他们在观看每个视频时检测到中断时立即做出反应(实验3)。当人们在视频之后做出反应时，与事件中点相比，他们更有可能忽视事件终点附近的中断(实验1)；同样，当他们在视频中做出反应时，他们对终点的反应比中点中断更慢(实验3)。至关重要的是，在三个实验中，事件类型和中断时间之间存在交互作用：终点-中点差异取决于参与者正在观看的是有界事件还是无界事件。这些结果表明，当人们感知动态事件时，他们会自发地跟踪事件的有界性或时间结构。这一发现对当前的事件认知模型和语言-认知接口模型有一定的借鉴意义。
A long philosophical and linguistic literature on events going back to Aristotle distinguishes between events that are internally structured in terms of distinct temporal stages leading to culmination (boundedevents; e.g., a girl folded up a handkerchief) and events that are internally unstructured and lack an inherent endpoint (unboundedevents; e.g., a girl waved a handkerchief). Here we show that event cognition spontaneously computes this foundational dimension of the temporal texture of events. People watched videos of either bounded or unbounded events that included a visual interruption lasting either 0.13 s (Experiment 1) or 0.03 s (Experiments 2 and 3). The interruption was placed at either the midpoint or close to the endpoint of the event stimulus. People had to indicate whether they saw an interruption after watching each video (Experiments 1 and 2) or respond as soon as they detected an interruption while watching each video (Experiment 3). When people responded after the video, they were more likely to ignore interruptions placed close to event endpoints compared to event midpoints (Experiment 1); similarly, when they responded during the video, they reacted more slowly to endpoint compared to midpoint interruptions (Experiment 3). Crucially, across the three experiments, there was an interaction between event type and interruption timing: the endpoint-midpoint difference depended on whether participants were watching an event that was bounded or unbounded. These results suggest that, as people perceive dynamic events, they spontaneously track boundedness, or the temporal texture of events. This finding has implications for current models of event cognition and the language-cognition interface.