A Survey on Electromagnetic Risk Assessment and Evaluation Mechanism for Future Wireless Communication Systems
A Survey on Electromagnetic Risk Assessment and Evaluation Mechanism for Future Wireless Communication Systems
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DOI：
10.1109/jerm.2019.2917766
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发表时间：
2020-03-01
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Brown, Tim W. C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Jamshed, Muhammad Ali;Heliot, Fabien;Brown, Tim W. C.
鉴于辐射电磁场（EMF）的无线设备和设备数量的爆炸式增长以及与之相关的公众日益关注的问题，在未来的无线通信系统中，电磁暴露的精确测量及其应用预计将变得越来越重要。事实上，下一代无线系统旨在通过增加接入点的数量（即致密化）为用户提供更高的数据速率、更好的服务质量和更低的延迟，而这反过来又会增加EMF暴露。同样，未来连接设备（如物联网设备）的增加也将导致EMF暴露的增加。本文详细调查了与EMF暴露有关的潜在健康危害，以及目前用于评估、限制和减轻此类暴露对一般公众影响的不同度量标准。本文还综述了新无线技术对电磁场暴露可能产生的影响，并提出了在未来无线通信系统中更新电磁场暴露评估框架和解决这些影响的一些新的研究方向。例如，毫米波或大规模多输入多输出/波束形成对EMF暴露的影响尚未得到充分了解，也尚未纳入暴露评估框架。
The accurate measurement of electromagnetic exposure and its application is expected to become more and more important in future wireless communication systems, given the explosion in both the number of wireless devices and equipment radiating electromagnetic fields (EMF) and the growing concerns in the general public linked to it. Indeed, the next generation of wireless systems aims at providing a higher data rate, better quality of service, and lower latency to users by increasing the number of access points, i.e., densification, which in turn will increase EMF exposure. Similarly, the multiplication of future connected devices, e.g., Internet of things devices, will also contribute to an increase in EMF exposure. This paper provides a detailed survey relating to the potential health hazards linked with EMF exposure and the different metrics that are currently used for evaluating, limiting, and mitigating the effects of this type of exposure on the general public. This paper also reviews the possible impacts of new wireless technologies on EMF exposure and proposes some novel research directions for updating the EMF exposure evaluation framework and addressing these impacts in future wireless communication systems. For instance, the impact of mmWave or massive multiple-input multiple-output/beamforming on EMF exposure has yet to be fully understood and included in the exposure evaluation framework.