THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF MALARIA IN A POPULATION SURROUNDING MADANG, PAPUA-NEW-GUINEA
THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF MALARIA IN A POPULATION SURROUNDING MADANG, PAPUA-NEW-GUINEA
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DOI：
10.4269/ajtmh.1986.35.3
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发表时间：
1986-01-01
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
CLANCY, R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
CATTANI, JA;TULLOCH, JL;CLANCY, R
疟疾在整个巴布亚新几内亚沿海和低地流行。观察到最近的变化，包括间日疟原虫为主转变为恶性疟原虫为主，出现了抗氯喹的恶性疟原虫，以及病媒控制方案的效力下降。1981 ~ 1983年对马当省16,500人进行了4次为期6个月的疟疾流行病学调查。收集了关于寄生虫学、脾肿大、血清学、血红蛋白水平、4-氨基喹啉类药物流行率、蚊帐使用率和发热发生率的基线数据，用于今后评价疟疾控制措施，包括可能的抗疟疫苗实地试验。寄生虫血症的患病率（所有物种，所有年龄）从35.0%到42.7%不等的四个调查，其中每个覆盖了25%的人口随机样本。旱季恶性疟原虫70种，间日疟原虫25种，三日疟原虫5种，雨季恶性疟原虫占优势。随着年龄的增长，寄生虫感染率和脾脏肿大率下降，无症状寄生虫血症密度低，抗疟抗体流行率高（即，> 80%的5岁以上人口为ELISA阳性）。地方性水平在地理上各不相同，尿液样本中4-氨基喹啉类药物的存在相对常见（12.7%阳性），氯喹耐药性普遍（体外81.6%，体内46.6%）。
Malaria is prevalent throughout coastal and lowland Papua New Guinea. Recent changes, including a shift from predominance of Plasmodium vivax to Plasmodium falciparum, appearance of chloroquine-resistant P. falciparum and decreased effectiveness of vector control programs have been observed. Epidemiological features of malaria were studied through four six-month surveys of a population of 16,500 in Madang Province from 1981-1983. Baseline data on parasitology, splenic enlargement, serology, hemoglobin levels, prevalence of 4-aminoquinolines, utilization of mosquito nets and incidence of fever were collected for use in future evaluation of malaria control measures including possible field trials of an antimalarial vaccine. Prevalence of parasitemia (all species, all ages) varied from 35.0% to 42.7% over the four surveys each of which covered a random sample of 25% of the population. The ratio of parasite species was: P. falciparum 70: P. vivax 25: P. malariae 5 in the dry seasons, shifting slightly in favor of P. falciparum during the wet seasons. Intense year-round transmission was indicated by decreasing parasite prevalence and splenic enlargement with age, low density asymptomatic parasitemias and high prevalence of antimalarial antibodies (i.e., > 80% of the population over five years of age was ELISA-positive). Levels of endemicity varied geographically, presence of 4-aminoquinolines in urine samples was relatively common (12.7% positive) and chloroquine resistance was widespread (81.6% in vitro, 46.6% in vivo).