Aristotle's Demonstrative Logic
Aristotle's Demonstrative Logic
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DOI：
10.1080/01445340802228362
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发表时间：
2009-01-01
影响因子：
0.5
通讯作者：
Corcoran, John
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文献类型：
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作者：
Corcoran, John
论证逻辑，研究论证而不是说服，是亚里士多德的两卷本《分析学》的主题。许多例子是几何学的。论证产生知识（命题的真理性）。说服只是产生意见。亚里士多德提出了一个普遍的真理和结果的概念，旨在适用于所有的证明。根据他的说法，一个证明，通常证明一个结论之前不知道是真的，是一个扩展的论证开始的前提是已知的真理，并包含一个推理链，通过演绎明显的步骤，表明其结论是其前提的后果。特别地，一个证明是一个其前提已知为真的演绎。亚里士多德的一般论证理论需要一个在《先验分析学》中提出的先验一般演绎理论。他关于演绎的一般的直接演绎链概念是要适用于所有的演绎。根据他的说法，任何不是立即明显的演绎都是一种扩展的论证，它涉及一系列中间的立即明显的步骤，这些步骤表明其最终结论可以从其前提逻辑地得出。为了说明他的一般理论演绎，他提出了一个巧妙的简单和数学精确的特殊情况下，传统上被称为范畴三段论。
Demonstrative logic, the study of demonstration as opposed to persuasion, is the subject of Aristotle's two-volume Analytics. Many examples are geometrical. Demonstration produces knowledge (of the truth of propositions). Persuasion merely produces opinion. Aristotle presented a general truth-and-consequence conception of demonstration meant to apply to all demonstrations. According to him, a demonstration, which normally proves a conclusion not previously known to be true, is an extended argumentation beginning with premises known to be truths and containing a chain of reasoning showing by deductively evident steps that its conclusion is a consequence of its premises. In particular, a demonstration is a deduction whose premises are known to be true. Aristotle's general theory of demonstration required a prior general theory of deduction presented in the Prior Analytics. His general immediate-deduction-chaining conception of deduction was meant to apply to all deductions. According to him, any deduction that is not immediately evident is an extended argumentation that involves a chaining of intermediate immediately evident steps that shows its final conclusion to follow logically from its premises. To illustrate his general theory of deduction, he presented an ingeniously simple and mathematically precise special case traditionally known as the categorical syllogistic.