Prevalence and correlates of mental retardation among children in Karachi, Pakistan.
Prevalence and correlates of mental retardation among children in Karachi, Pakistan.
复制标题
巴基斯坦卡拉奇儿童智力低下的患病率和相关性。
DOI：
10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009448
复制
发表时间：
1998
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Hasan,KZ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Durkin,MS;Hasan,ZM;Hasan,KZ
本文报告了基于对巴基斯坦大卡拉奇地区2至9岁儿童的人口调查的智力迟钝患病率及其相关因素的估计。1988-1989年期间进行了两阶段的调查。在第一阶段，对6365名儿童（5748名来自城市地区，617名来自农村地区）进行了分组抽样，使用一份被称为“十问”的父母报告对其进行残疾筛查。在第二阶段，所有筛查结果为阳性的儿童和10%的筛查结果为阴性的儿童被转介进行结构化的医疗和心理评估。重度智力发育迟缓的患病率为19.0/ 1000(95%可信区间（CI） 13.5-24.4)，轻度智力发育迟缓的患病率为65.3/ 1000（95%可信区间（CI） 48.9-81.8）。这两项估计数都大大高于工业化国家和某些较不发达国家各自获得的流行率估计数。在这一人群中，缺乏母亲教育与严重（优势比= 3.26,95% CI 1.26-8.43）和轻度（优势比= 3.08,95% CI 1.85-5.14）发育迟缓的患病率密切相关。在卡拉奇，与智力迟钝独立相关的其他因素包括围产期困难史、新生儿感染、产后脑感染和创伤性脑损伤，以及目前的营养不良。需要进一步的研究来评估近亲婚姻、儿童存活率的提高和其他因素对这一人群中异常高的智力低下患病率的贡献。[J]；147: 281 - 8。
This paper reports estimates of the prevalence of mental retardation and associated factors based on a population survey of 2- to 9-Year-old children in Greater Karachi, Pakistan. A two-phase survey was implemented during the years 1988–1989. In the first phase, a cluster sample of 6, 365 children (5, 748 from urban areas and 617 from rural areas) was screened for disabilities using a parental report known as the Ten Questions instrument. In the second phase, all children with positive screening results and a 10% sample of those with negative results were referred for structured medical and psychological assessments. Estimates of the prevalence of mental retardation were 19.0/1, 000 children (95% confidence interval (CI) 13.5–24.4) for serious retardation and 65.3/1, 000 children (95% CI 48.9–81.8) for mild retardation. Both estimates were considerably higher than respective prevalence estimates obtained in industrialized countries and in selected less developed countries. In this population, lack of maternal education was strongly associated with the prevalence of both serious (odds ratio = 3.26, 95% CI 1.26–8.43) and mild (odds ratio = 3.08, 95% CI 1.85–5.14) retardation. Other factors that were independently associated with mental retardation in Karachi included histories of perinatal difficulties, neonatal infections, postnatal brain infections, and traumatic brain injury, as well as current malnouroishment. Further research is needed to assess the contribution of consanguineous marriage, improvements in child survival, and other factors to the unusually high prevalence of mental retardation in this population. Am J Epidermal1998;147: 281–8.