Comparison of the 3-D patterns of the parasympathetic nervous system in the lung at late developmental stages between mouse and chicken
Comparison of the 3-D patterns of the parasympathetic nervous system in the lung at late developmental stages between mouse and chicken
复制标题
小鼠和鸡发育后期肺部副交感神经系统 3-D 模式的比较
DOI：
10.1016/j.ydbio.2018.05.014
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Takahashi Yoshiko
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Watanabe Tadayoshi;Nakamura Ryo;Takase Yuta;Susaki Etsuo A.;Ueda Hiroki R.;Tadokoro Ryosuke;Takahashi Yoshiko
虽然身体平面的基本图式在不同种类的哺乳动物（哺乳动物、鸟类和爬行动物）中是相似的，但肺是一个例外。在这里，解剖学和生理学是相当不同的，特别是在哺乳动物和鸟类之间。在哺乳动物中，吸入和呼出的空气在气道中混合，而在鸟类中，吸入的空气单向流动而不与呼出的空气混合。这种鸟类特有的呼吸系统是由称为parabronchi的复杂管状结构实现的，其中气体交换发生，并且还由附属于肺的主要部分的波纹状气囊实现。肺主要由副交感神经系统控制，这在哺乳动物的生理学研究中已得到证实。然而，在哺乳动物和鸟类中，肺中的副交感神经系统是如何在发育后期建立的，这在很大程度上是未知的。在这项研究中，通过结合免疫细胞化学，组织清除CUBIC方法，和墨水注射到气道，我们已经可视化的三维分布模式的副交感神经和神经节在小鼠和鸡的肺发育后期。这些模式在这些物种之间进行了进一步比较，出现了三个突出的相似之处：（1）副交感神经节后纤维和神经节广泛分布于肺的近端和远端，（2）气体交换单位，小鼠的肺泡和鸡的副支气管，没有副交感神经，（3）副交感神经与平滑肌细胞密切相关，特别是在气体交换单元的底部。这些观察结果表明，尽管在解剖学上存在明显差异，但副交感神经控制平滑肌和气体交换的基本机制可能在哺乳动物和鸟类之间是保守的。
Although the basic schema of the body plan is similar among different species of amniotes (mammals, birds, and reptiles), the lung is an exception. Here, anatomy and physiology are considerably different, particularly between mammals and birds. In mammals, inhaled and exhaled airs mix in the airways, whereas in birds the inspired air flows unidirectionally without mixing with the expired air. This bird-specific respiration system is enabled by the complex tubular structures called parabronchi where gas exchange takes place, and also by the bellow-like air sacs appended to the main part of the lung. That the lung is predominantly governed by the parasympathetic nervous system has been shown mostly by physiological studies in mammals. However, how the parasympathetic nervous system in the lung is established during late development has largely been unexplored both in mammals and birds. In this study, by combining immunocytochemistry, the tissue-clearing CUBIC method, and ink-injection to airways, we have visualized the 3-D distribution patterns of parasympathetic nerves and ganglia in the lung at late developmental stages of mice and chickens. These patterns were further compared between these species, and three prominent similarities emerged: (1) parasympathetic postganglionic fibers and ganglia are widely distributed in the lung covering the proximal and distal portions, (2) the gas exchange units, alveoli in mice and parabronchi in chickens, are devoid of parasympathetic nerves, (3) parasympathetic nerves are in close association with smooth muscle cells, particularly at the base of the gas exchange units. These observations suggest that despite gross differences in anatomy, the basic mechanisms underlying parasympathetic control of smooth muscles and gas exchange might be conserved between mammals and birds.