Perceptual sequence learning in a serial reaction time task.
Perceptual sequence learning in a serial reaction time task.
复制标题
串行反应时间任务中的感知序列学习。
DOI：
10.1007/s00221-008-1411-z
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发表时间：
2008
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Howard,DarleneV
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Song,Sunbin;HowardJr,JamesH;Howard,DarleneV
在连续反应时任务(SRTT)中，一系列视觉空间线索指示受试者按照重复的模式进行一系列动作。虽然运动反应在这项任务中支持内隐序列学习，但本实验的目的是确定仅观察线索序列是否也能产生内隐序列学习的证据。这个问题很难回答，因为在以前的研究中，似乎是由于内隐知觉序列学习而导致的成绩改善，也可能是由于对序列的外显知识的自发增加。本实验使用概率序列来阻止外显意识的自发发展。它们包括培训阶段，在此期间，一半的受试者观察，另一半的受试者做出反应，然后是转移阶段，每个人都做出反应。结果表明，仅观察就可以支持序列学习，序列学习在转移时转化为与训练期间做出运动反应的小组相同的表现。然而，知觉学习或其表达对目标颜色的变化很敏感，其表达受到并发外显搜索的影响。基于运动反应的学习不受这些操作的影响。因此，仅观察就可以支持隐式序列学习，即使是更高阶的概率序列。然而，知觉学习可以被不同的刺激或任务要求所阻止或隐藏。
In the serial reaction time task (SRTT), a sequence of visuo-spatial cues instructs subjects to perform a sequence of movements which follow a repeating pattern. Though motor responses are known to support implicit sequence learning in this task, the goal of the present experiments is to determine whether observation of the sequence of cues alone can also yield evidence of implicit sequence learning. This question has been difficult to answer because in previous research, performance improvements which appeared to be due to implicit perceptual sequence learning could also be due to spontaneous increases in explicit knowledge of the sequence. The present experiments use probabilistic sequences to prevent the spontaneous development of explicit awareness. They include a training phase, during which half of the subjects observe and the other half respond, followed by a transfer phase in which everyone responds. Results show that observation alone can support sequence learning, which translates at transfer into equivalent performance as that of a group who made motor responses during training. However, perceptual learning or its expression is sensitive to changes in target colors, and its expression is impaired by concurrent explicit search. Motor-response based learning is not affected by these manipulations. Thus, observation alone can support implicit sequence learning, even of higher order probabilistic sequences. However, perceptual learning can be prevented or concealed by variations of stimuli or task demands.