A model for the emergence of cooperation, interdependence, and structure in evolving networks.
A model for the emergence of cooperation, interdependence, and structure in evolving networks.
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.98.2.543
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发表时间：
2000-05
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Sanjay Jain;Sandeep Krishna Indian Institute of Science;Santa Fe Institute
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Sanjay Jain;Sandeep Krishna Indian Institute of Science;Santa Fe Institute
进化产生了化学、生物和社会系统中相互作用的复杂和结构化的网络。我们描述了一个理想的化学体系演化的简单数学模型，以研究合作分子物种网络是如何产生和演化成更复杂和更有结构的。该网络由一个有向加权图来建模，该图的正向和负向链接代表了分子物种之间的“催化”和“抑制”相互作用，并且随着人口最少的物种(通常是那些灭绝的物种)被新物种取代而进化。一个偶然出现的小的自催化集合，为图中连接和合作的自发增长提供了种子。在分析确定的短时间尺度内，随着自催化集的扩大和通过网络的渗透，必然会出现高度结构化的化学组织。这种自我组织不需要自我复制物种的存在。该网络还展示了长时间的灾难，这些灾难是由“基石”物种的偶然灭绝引发的，随后是恢复。
Evolution produces complex and structured networks of interacting components in chemical, biological, and social systems. We describe a simple mathematical model for the evolution of an idealized chemical system to study how a network of cooperative molecular species arises and evolves to become more complex and structured. The network is modeled by a directed weighted graph whose positive and negative links represent "catalytic" and "inhibitory" interactions among the molecular species, and which evolves as the least populated species (typically those that go extinct) are replaced by new ones. A small autocatalytic set, appearing by chance, provides the seed for the spontaneous growth of connectivity and cooperation in the graph. A highly structured chemical organization arises inevitably as the autocatalytic set enlarges and percolates through the network in a short analytically determined timescale. This self organization does not require the presence of self-replicating species. The network also exhibits catastrophes over long timescales triggered by the chance elimination of "keystone" species, followed by recoveries.