Rotavirus epidemiology and surveillance.
Rotavirus epidemiology and surveillance.
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轮状病毒流行病学和监测。
作者：
U. Desselberger;M. Iturriza;J. Gray
在共循环的人轮状病毒中存在广泛的抗原和基因组多样性。它们被分为组、亚组和类型。至少有7个组（A-G）和A组内的4个亚组。为了区分A组内的类型，已经建立了双重分类系统，其中糖蛋白VP 7定义G型，蛋白酶敏感蛋白VP 4定义P型。至少有14个G型和20多个P型已被区分，其中至少有10个G型和至少11个P型已在人类中发现。利用该分型系统，对轮状病毒复杂的分子流行病学进行了研究。不同G型和P型的轮状病毒共同循环。发现的主要类型是G1 P1 A [8]、G2 P1 B [4]、G3 P1 A [8]、G4 P1 A [8];它们的相对发病率在任何一个地点都随时间而变化，在同一时间在不同地点之间也不同。具有G/P星座的病毒，如G1 P1 B [4]和G2 P1 A [8]，大多是宿主双重感染后出现的共循环主要病毒类型的天然回复物。携带G和/或P型的病毒在四种最常见的类型中不存在，例如G8 P [8]，G1 P [6]或G9 P [6]，可以通过与动物病毒重配或直接从动物或外来人类来源引入种群。自然循环的轮状病毒不断经历点突变，这可用于对类型内的谱系和亚谱系进行分类。人类感染B和C组轮状病毒的全部意义仍有待确定。监测世界不同地区的轮状病毒类型对于监测可能随着时间的推移而占主导地位的新类型或新G/P星座的出现至关重要。任何未来轮状病毒疫苗的效力和有效性都可能因主要的天然毒株类型而异。应利用详细的流行病学和分子监测数据来研究轮状病毒的传播动力学。
There is extensive antigenic and genomic diversity among co-circulating human rotaviruses. They are differentiated into groups, subgroups and types. There are at least 7 groups (A-G) and 4 subgroups within group A. To distinguish types within group A, a dual classification system has been established with the glycoprotein VP7 defining G types, and the protease-sensitive protein VP4 defining P types. At least 14 G types and more than 20 P types have been distinguished, of which at least 10 G types and at least 11 P types have been found in humans. Using the typing system, the complex molecular epidemiology of rotaviruses was investigated. Rotaviruses of different G and P types co-circulate. The main types found are G1P1A[8], G2P1B[4], G3P1A[8], G4P1A[8]; their relative incidence rates change over time in any one location and are different at the same time between different locations. Viruses with G/P constellations such as G1P1B[4] and G2P1A[8] are mostly natural reassortants of the co-circulating main virus types emerging after double infection of hosts. Viruses carrying G and or P types not represented in the four most common types, e.g. G8P[8], G1P[6] or G9P[6], could be introduced into the population by reassortment with animal viruses, or directly from animals or exotic human sources. Naturally circulating rotaviruses constantly undergo point mutations which can be used to classify lineages and sublineages within types. The full significance of human infections with group B and C rotaviruses remains to be established. Surveillance of rotavirus types in different parts of the world is essential to monitor the emergence of new types or of new G/P constellations which may predominate over time. The efficacy and effectiveness of any future rotavirus vaccine may differ depending on the predominant natural strain types. Detailed epidemiological and molecular surveillance data should be utilized to study the transmission dynamics of rotaviruses.