The Appearance and Spread of Ant Fishing among the Kasekela Chimpanzees of Gombe: A Possible Case of Intercommunity Cultural Transmission.
The Appearance and Spread of Ant Fishing among the Kasekela Chimpanzees of Gombe: A Possible Case of Intercommunity Cultural Transmission.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1086/666943
复制
发表时间：
2012-10
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Goodall J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
O'Malley RC;Wallauer W;Murray CM;Goodall J
黑猩猩表现出文化多样性，但缺乏在野生群落之间成功传递文化的例子。在这里，我们提供了贡贝国家公园Kasekela和Mitumba社区对Camponotus蚂蚁的工具辅助捕食(“蚂蚁捕鱼”)的第一个描述。然后，我们考虑了关于这种行为在Kasekela中出现和传播的三个假设：(1)猎物可获得性或其他环境因素的变化，(2)创新，和(3)引入。到1992年，在米图巴社区，蚂蚁捕鱼被认为是习惯性的，也就是他们开始习惯性的时候。除了1978年的一次会议外，卡塞克拉社区从1994年才开始记录坎波奥特人的捕食(通常是用工具)，尽管之前观察了几十年。到2010年2月，捕鱼已成为卡塞克拉的习俗，只有1981年后出生的黑猩猩和移民雌性黑猩猩例外。我们假设，随着时间的推移，昆虫猎物可获得性的变化和/或一个受欢迎的蚂蚁捕鱼地点的特征可能影响了蚂蚁捕鱼的建立。虽然不能完全排除创新的可能性，但间接证据表明，一名米通巴移民将蚂蚁捕鱼引入了卡塞克拉。我们认为，这份报告是第一个记录在案的新文化行为在野生黑猩猩群落之间成功传播的案例。
Chimpanzees exhibit cultural variation, yet examples of successful cultural transmission between wild communities are lacking. Here we provide the first account of tool-assisted predation (“ant fishing”) on Camponotus ants by the Kasekela and Mitumba communities of Gombe National Park. We then consider three hypotheses for the appearance and spread of this behavior in Kasekela: (1) changes in prey availability or other environmental factors, (2) innovation, and (3) introduction. Ant fishing was recognized as habitual in the Mitumba community by 1992, soon after their habituation began. Apart from one session in 1978, Camponotus predation (typically with tools) was documented in the Kasekela community beginning only in 1994, despite decades of prior observation. By February 2010, ant fishing was customary in Kasekela and with one exception was practiced exclusively by chimpanzees born after 1981 and immigrant females. We hypothesize that changes in insect prey availability over time and/or the characteristics of one popular ant-fishing site may have influenced the establishment of ant fishing. Though innovation cannot be completely ruled out, the circumstantial evidence suggests that a Mitumba immigrant introduced ant fishing to Kasekela. We submit that this report represents the first documented case of successful transmission of a novel cultural behavior between wild chimpanzee communities.