Communities of mycorrhizal fungi in different trophic types of Asiatic Pyrola japonica sensu lato (Ericaceae)
Communities of mycorrhizal fungi in different trophic types of Asiatic Pyrola japonica sensu lato (Ericaceae)
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DOI：
10.1007/s10265-020-01233-9
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发表时间：
2020-10
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Y. Matsuda;Y. Yamaguchi;N. Matsuo;Takashi Uesugi;J. Ito;Takahiro Yagame;Tomáš Figura;M. Selosse;Y. Hashimoto
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Y. Matsuda;Y. Yamaguchi;N. Matsuo;Takashi Uesugi;J. Ito;Takahiro Yagame;Tomáš Figura;M. Selosse;Y. Hashimoto
混合营养植物通过自身的光合作用和与其根相关的菌根真菌获得碳。混合营养被认为是真菌异养营养进化的预适应，植物完全依赖真菌并失去光合活性。本研究的目的是澄清菌根的依赖性和异养水平的各种表型的mixotrophicPyrola japonica（杜鹃花科），包括绿色个人，罕见的achlorophyllous变种（白化）和形式与小叶，P. japonicaf.subaphylla。这三个表型收集在两个日本森林。基于DNA条形码技术对植物和菌根真菌进行了系统发育分析。通过测定稳定碳同位素比值，比较了各表型与参比植物和真菌子实体器官（叶、茎和根）之间13 C的富集情况。所有的植物都被放在同一个分支中，其中f.subaphyllaas是一个单独的亚分支。叶13 C丰度的白化是一致的一个充分的真菌异养营养，这表明greenP。大豆叶的异养率为36.8%，根茎的异养率为74.0%。两种白化病猪各器官的δ 13 C值差异不显著。japonica和P. japonicaf.subaphylla，分别代表着充分的和高度的真菌异养营养。在检测到的55个分子操作分类单位（OTU）中，Russula属在每个表型中的丰度最高，并且其在albinoP中的优势度显著较高。japonica和P. japonicaf.subaphylla.Russulaspp.在P中检测。亚叶型与其它表型的差异较大。这些结果表明P. japonicasensu lato是倾向于演变的mycoheterotrophic变种，在一个过程中，改变其菌根的喜好，特别是对该物种有一个显着的偏好Russula属。
Mixotrophic plants obtain carbon by their own photosynthetic activity and from their root-associated mycorrhizal fungi. Mixotrophy is deemed a pre-adaptation for evolution of mycoheterotrophic nutrition, where plants fully depend on fungi and lose their photosynthetic activity. The aim of this study was to clarify mycorrhizal dependency and heterotrophy level in various phenotypes of mixotrophicPyrola japonica(Ericaceae), encompassing green individuals, rare achlorophyllous variants (albinos) and a form with minute leaves,P. japonicaf.subaphylla. These three phenotypes were collected in two Japanese forests. Phylogenetic analysis of both plants and mycorrhizal fungi was conducted based on DNA barcoding. Enrichment in13C among organs (leaves, stems and roots) of the phenotypes with reference plants and fungal fruitbodies were compared by measuring stable carbon isotopic ratio. All plants were placed in the same clade, with f.subaphyllaas a separate subclade. Leaf13C abundances of albinos were congruent with a fully mycoheterotrophic nutrition, suggesting that greenP. japonicaleaves are 36.8% heterotrophic, while rhizomes are 74.0% heterotrophic. There were no significant differences in δ13C values among organs in both albinoP. japonicaandP. japonicaf.subaphylla, suggesting full and high mycoheterotrophic nutrition, respectively. Among 55 molecular operational taxonomic units (OTUs) detected as symbionts, the genusRussulawas the most abundant in each phenotype and its dominance was significantly higher in albinoP. japonicaandP. japonicaf.subaphylla.Russulaspp. detected inP. japonicaf.subaphyllashowed higher dissimilarity with other phenotypes. These results suggest thatP. japonicasensu lato is prone to evolve mycoheterotrophic variants, in a process that changes its mycorrhizal preferences, especially towards the genusRussulafor which this species has a marked preference.