The frailty of adaptive hypotheses for the origins of organismal complexity
The frailty of adaptive hypotheses for the origins of organismal complexity
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0702207104
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发表时间：
2007-05-15
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Lynch, Michael
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lynch, Michael
绝大多数从事进化研究的生物学家几乎都从适应性的角度来解释生物多样性的各个方面。根据基因组测序和种群遗传理论的最新观察，这种狭隘的进化观已经站不住脚了。基因组结构、基因结构和发育途径的许多方面都很难解释，除非引起遗传漂变和突变的非适应性力量。此外，新兴的生物特征，如复杂性，模块性和可进化性，所有这些都是当前大量猜测的目标，可能只不过是在较低层次的组织中运行的过程的间接副产品。这些问题的背景下，生物多样性的许多方面的起源，从基因结构的修饰，在表型水平的新奇，有根源的非适应性过程中，与人口遗传环境施加强大的方向性的路径是开放的进化利用。
The vast majority of biologists engaged in evolutionary studies interpret virtually every aspect of biodiversity in adaptive terms. This narrow view of evolution has become untenable in light of recent observations from genomic sequencing and population-genetic theory. Numerous aspects of genomic architecture, gene structure, and developmental pathways are difficult to explain without invoking the nonadaptive forces of genetic drift and mutation. In addition, emergent biological features such as complexity, modularity, and evolvability, all of which are current targets of considerable speculation, may be nothing more than indirect by-products of processes operating at lower levels of organization. These issues are examined in the context of the view that the origins of many aspects of biological diversity, from gene-structural embellishments to novelties at the phenotypic level, have roots in nonadaptive processes, with the population-genetic environment imposing strong directionality on the paths that are open to evolutionary exploitation.