Defining and Intervening on Cumulative Environmental Neurodevelopmental Risks: Introducing a Complex Systems Approach.
Defining and Intervening on Cumulative Environmental Neurodevelopmental Risks: Introducing a Complex Systems Approach.
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累积环境神经发育风险的定义和干预：引入复杂系统方法。
DOI：
10.1289/ehp7333
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发表时间：
2021-03
影响因子：
10.4
通讯作者：
Hovmand PS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Payne-Sturges DC;Cory-Slechta DA;Puett RC;Thomas SB;Hammond R;Hovmand PS
多种环境毒物和社会压力暴露的综合影响被广泛认为是造成健康不公平的重要公共卫生问题。然而，美国各州和联邦一级的政策制定者很少关注累积的环境健康风险和影响，以制定全面的战略来减少这些暴露，减轻累积风险，并防止伤害。儿童的神经发育是一个很好地说明了目前处理累积环境健康风险的方法的固有局限性的领域，它表现出多种相互依存和因果联系的因素和代际影响的动态复杂性。我们描述了一个复杂的系统方法，特别是系统动力学，可以解决环境健康风险评估的缺点，暴露于多种化学和非化学压力源和重塑相关的公共政策。系统建模通过改进我们用于决策（包括监管和政策决策）的“心智模型”来帮助实现解决问题的目标。在儿童累积暴露于神经发育压力源的差异的背景下，我们描述了有关系统结构和行为的潜在政策见解，以及适当的系统动力学建模类型，从视觉描述（即，非正式地图）到正式的定量模拟模型。系统动力学框架不仅提供了一种语言，而且还提供了一套方法工具，可以更容易地将关于累积风险的现有多学科科学证据和概念框架付诸实施。因此，我们可以得出更准确的诊断工具，以儿童的环境健康的不平等，考虑到更广泛的社会和经济环境中，儿童的生活，成长，游戏和学习。https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP7333
The combined effects of multiple environmental toxicants and social stressor exposures are widely recognized as important public health problems contributing to health inequities. However cumulative environmental health risks and impacts have received little attention from U.S. policy makers at state and federal levels to develop comprehensive strategies to reduce these exposures, mitigate cumulative risks, and prevent harm. An area for which the inherent limitations of current approaches to cumulative environmental health risks are well illustrated is children’s neurodevelopment, which exhibits dynamic complexity of multiple interdependent and causally linked factors and intergenerational effects. We delineate how a complex systems approach, specifically system dynamics, can address shortcomings in environmental health risk assessment regarding exposures to multiple chemical and nonchemical stressors and reshape associated public policies. Systems modeling assists in the goal of solving problems by improving the “mental models” we use to make decisions, including regulatory and policy decisions. In the context of disparities in children’s cumulative exposure to neurodevelopmental stressors, we describe potential policy insights about the structure and behavior of the system and the types of system dynamics modeling that would be appropriate, from visual depiction (i.e., informal maps) to formal quantitative simulation models. A systems dynamics framework provides not only a language but also a set of methodological tools that can more easily operationalize existing multidisciplinary scientific evidence and conceptual frameworks on cumulative risks. Thus, we can arrive at more accurate diagnostic tools for children’s’ environmental health inequities that take into consideration the broader social and economic environment in which children live, grow, play, and learn. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP7333