Diverse Effects of Exosomes on COVID-19: A Perspective of Progress From Transmission to Therapeutic Developments.
Diverse Effects of Exosomes on COVID-19: A Perspective of Progress From Transmission to Therapeutic Developments.
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DOI：
10.3389/fimmu.2021.716407
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
7.3
通讯作者：
Kim JH
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gurunathan S;Kang MH;Kim JH
严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2型(SARS-CoV-2)是冠状病毒的一种新毒株，是当前冠状病毒病2019年全球大流行(新冠肺炎)的病原体。目前还没有FDA批准的用于新冠肺炎的抗病毒药物，迫切需要开发能够有效抑制SARS-CoV-2感染的治疗策略。到目前为止，已经研究了许多方法，其中之一是新兴的基于外切体的疗法。外切体是纳米大小的脂类双层封闭结构，与所有类型的细胞分泌的病毒在结构上有相似之处，包括那些排列在呼吸道内的细胞。重要的是，外切体和病毒之间的相互作用可能被用于抗病毒药物和疫苗开发。外切体是由感染病毒的细胞产生的，在感染细胞和未感染细胞之间的沟通中起着至关重要的作用。SARS-CoV-2调节外切体的产生和组成，并可以利用外切体的形成、分泌和释放途径来促进感染、传播和细胞间传播。外切体已经被开发用于治疗包括新冠肺炎在内的各种疾病的患者。此外，将装载免疫调节货物的外切体与抗病毒药物结合使用，是治疗新冠肺炎等疾病的一种新的干预措施。特别是，来源于间充质干细胞(MSCs)的外切体被用作无细胞治疗剂。间充质干细胞衍生的外切体减少了细胞因子风暴，逆转了与新冠肺炎相关的宿主抗病毒防御的抑制，还增强了线粒体功能，修复了肺损伤。我们讨论了外切体在传播、感染、诊断、治疗、治疗、药物输送和疫苗中的作用，并展望了它们在抗击新冠肺炎中的应用前景。
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a new strain of coronavirus and the causative agent of the current global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). There are currently no FDA-approved antiviral drugs for COVID-19 and there is an urgent need to develop treatment strategies that can effectively suppress SARS-CoV-2 infection. Numerous approaches have been researched so far, with one of them being the emerging exosome-based therapies. Exosomes are nano-sized, lipid bilayer-enclosed structures, share structural similarities with viruses secreted from all types of cells, including those lining the respiratory tract. Importantly, the interplay between exosomes and viruses could be potentially exploited for antiviral drug and vaccine development. Exosomes are produced by virus-infected cells and play crucial roles in mediating communication between infected and uninfected cells. SARS-CoV-2 modulates the production and composition of exosomes, and can exploit exosome formation, secretion, and release pathways to promote infection, transmission, and intercellular spread. Exosomes have been exploited for therapeutic benefits in patients afflicted with various diseases including COVID-19. Furthermore, the administration of exosomes loaded with immunomodulatory cargo in combination with antiviral drugs represents a novel intervention for the treatment of diseases such as COVID-19. In particular, exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are used as cell-free therapeutic agents. Mesenchymal stem cell derived exosomes reduces the cytokine storm and reverse the inhibition of host anti-viral defenses associated with COVID-19 and also enhances mitochondrial function repair lung injuries. We discuss the role of exosomes in relation to transmission, infection, diagnosis, treatment, therapeutics, drug delivery, and vaccines, and present some future perspectives regarding their use for combating COVID-19.
影响因子：
6.7
作者：
Casadevall A;Pirofski LA
通讯作者：
Pirofski LA