Experimental parasite community ecology: intraspecific variation in a large tapeworm affects community assembly
Experimental parasite community ecology: intraspecific variation in a large tapeworm affects community assembly
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DOI：
10.1111/1365-2656.12527
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发表时间：
2016-07-01
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Kalbe, Martin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Benesh, Daniel P.;Kalbe, Martin
非随机的物种协会发生在自然采样的寄生虫群落。导致可预测的群落结构的过程（例如特定的宿主行为、交叉免疫、种间竞争）可能受到寄生虫种内不同性状（如生长或抗原性）的影响。我们实验性地用一种大型绦虫（Schistocephalus solidus）感染三刺棘鱼，这种绦虫会影响宿主的能量需求、觅食行为和免疫反应。绦虫来自两个种群，其特征是棘鱼的高增长或低增长。我们的目标是评估这种寄生虫及其生长变化如何影响其他寄生虫的获得。将感染了固体链霉菌的鱼放入湖中的笼子中，使它们暴露于自然寄生虫群落中。我们还进行了一项实验室实验，其中受感染的鱼暴露于固定剂量的常见吸虫寄生虫。在田间实验中，相对于对照组，固体链霉菌感染影响了四种寄生虫的丰度。对于四个物种中的两个，变化只发生在栖息着高增长的S.solidus的鱼类中;一个物种的丰度增加，另一个减少。但这些变化似乎与S.solidus的生长没有直接联系。显示丰度升高的寄生虫与实验室感染中使用的吸虫相同。在该实验中，我们发现了类似的感染模式，表明S.solidus影响鱼类对这种吸虫的生理易感性。S.solidus和其他寄生虫之间的关联发生并在方向上变化。然而，其中一些协会是偶然的S.solidus人口，表明种内变异可以影响寄生虫群落的组装。
Non-random species associations occur in naturally sampled parasite communities. The processes resulting in predictable community structure (e.g. particular host behaviours, cross-immunity, interspecific competition) could be affected by traits that vary within a parasite species, like growth or antigenicity. We experimentally infected three-spined sticklebacks with a large tapeworm (Schistocephalus solidus) that impacts the energy needs, foraging behaviour and immune reactions of its host. The tapeworms came from two populations, characterized by high or low growth in sticklebacks. Our goal was to evaluate how this parasite, and variation in its growth, affects the acquisition of other parasites. Fish infected with S.solidus were placed into cages in a lake to expose them to the natural parasite community. We also performed a laboratory experiment in which infected fish were exposed to a fixed dose of a common trematode parasite. In the field experiment, infection with S.solidus affected the abundance of four parasite species, relative to controls. For two of the four species, changes occurred only in fish harbouring the high-growth S.solidus; one species increased in abundance and the other decreased. These changes did not appear to be directly linked to S.solidus growth though. The parasite exhibiting elevated abundance was the same trematode used in the laboratory infection. In that experiment, we found a similar infection pattern, suggesting that S.solidus affects the physiological susceptibility of fish to this trematode. Associations between S.solidus and other parasites occur and vary in direction. However, some of these associations were contingent on the S.solidus population, suggesting that intraspecific variability can affect the assembly of parasite communities.