INJURY RISKS, MISUSE RATES AND THE EFFECT OF MISUSE DEPENDING ON THE KIND OF CHILD RESTRAINT SYSTEM
INJURY RISKS, MISUSE RATES AND THE EFFECT OF MISUSE DEPENDING ON THE KIND OF CHILD RESTRAINT SYSTEM
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DOI：
10.4271/973309
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发表时间：
1997-11
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
T. Hummel;K. Langwieder;F. Finkbeiner;W. Hell
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
T. Hummel;K. Langwieder;F. Finkbeiner;W. Hell
根据德国汽车保险公司的新事故材料（448起车祸中涉及593名0至12岁的受约束儿童），将仅使用成人安全带约束儿童的受伤风险与使用不同儿童约束系统（CRS）约束儿童的受伤风险进行了比较。这些类型是：4/5点式安全带、3点式安全带、冲击防护罩和助推器缓冲垫。约束的形式“儿童与成人皮带只”涉及不成比例的高风险。在回顾性事故研究中，获得有关CRS滥用频率和确切类型的详细信息相对困难。因此，250 CRS用户进行了观察和访谈。在这些观测中，只有三分之一的CRS被正确安装。根据不同的CRS类型，误用率在20%到90%之间。为了检查最频繁和最严重的误用的影响，进行了20次碰撞试验，其中CRS安装错误。为此，已经进行了ECE雪橇和切断车体的试验。根据CRS类型，在误用的情况下，可以观察到CRS安全性效应的部分显著降低。通过适当的设计防止误用必须被赋予最高优先级，以提高未来CRS的安全性。(A)会议摘要见IRRD 899572。
On the basis of new accident material of the German Motor Insurers (593 restrained children aged 0 to 12 years involved in 448 car accidents) the injury risk of children being belted with an adult belt only is compared to injury risks of children being restrained in different child restraint system (CRS) types. These types are: 4/5-point belt, 3-point belt, impact shield, and booster cushion. The form of restraint "child with an adult belt only" involves disproportionately high risks. In retrospective accident studies it is relatively difficult to get detailed information about the frequency and the exact kind of CRS misuse. Therefore, 250 CRS users were observed and interviewed. Only in one third of these observations the CRS were correctly mounted. Depending on different CRS types the misuse rates lay between 20 and 90%. To check up the effect of the most frequent and most severe kinds of misuse 20 crash tests with wrong fitted CRS were carried out. For this reason, tests with an ECE sled and with a cut-off car body have been performed. Depending on the CRS type a partly considerable reduction of the CRS safety effect could be observed in case of misuse. Protection against misuse by a proper design has to be given highest priority for the safety improvement of future CRS. (A) For the covering abstract of the conference see IRRD 899572.