Correlation and genetic analysis of seed shell thickness and yield factors in Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum (L.) Gaertn.)
Correlation and genetic analysis of seed shell thickness and yield factors in Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum (L.) Gaertn.)
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苦荞种壳厚度与产量因子的相关性及遗传分析
DOI：
10.1270/jsbbs.18081
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发表时间：
2019-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Wang, Lihua
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Li, Chunhua;Xie, Zhiming;Wang, Lihua
为解决苦荞麦加工中的外壳覆盖难题，对云乔1号与荞麦杂交的F2和F3群体进行了遗传分析，并利用F3群体分析了各性状间的表型和遗传相关。结果表明，种壳厚性状值大于0.20mm的品种为硬壳型品种厚壳型=种壳率> 20%，种壳厚度性状值小于0.15mm的品种为易脱壳型（薄壳型=种壳率< 20%），而种壳厚度性状值在0.15 ~ 0.20 mm之间的品种为硬壳型或易壳型。此外，单株粒数和单株总粒重性状的等位基因相对于其加性方差的显性方差较大，表明控制这些性状的基因具有较大的显性效应，在后代植株发育的早期，这些性状不表现出来，不适合单株选择。千粒重和种壳厚度性状的等位基因的加性方差大于显性方差，说明控制这两个性状的基因具有较大的加性效应，可以利用这两个性状在后代发育早期进行单株选择。虽然种皮厚度与千粒重呈正相关，但易脱壳型种子几乎都是薄壳型种子。而理想的易脱壳单株应是种皮厚度和千粒重的中间型单株，可选择单株粒数多、单株粒重大的性状。在本研究的后代群体中，出现了具有高产、易脱壳性状的优良单株，其种壳厚度值为0.17 mm（0.15 ~ 0.20 mm），千粒重值为14 g，单株粒数值为1137粒，单株总粒重值为15.9 g。结果表明，选用易脱壳性状与种壳厚度性状的杂交组合是选育易脱壳荞麦高产品种最有效的选择指标。
In order to solve the difficult problem of the outer shell covering in the processing of Tartary buckwheat, we conducted a genetic analysis in segregating F-2 and F-3 populations derived from a hybrid between 'Yunqiao No. 1' and 'Rice buckwheat', and the F-3 population was used to analyze the phenotypic and genetic correlation among the traits. The results showed that the variety with a value of trait for seed shell thickness over 0.20 mm is a hard-shelled type (The thick shell type = seed shell rate > 20%), and that with a value of trait for seed shell thickness below 0.15 mm is a easily-shelled type (The thin shell type = seed shell rate < 20%), while that with a value of trait for seed shell thickness ranging from 0.15 mm to 0.20 mm is a hard-shelled type or easily-shelled type. In addition, alleles for traits of number of seed per plant and total seed weight per plant have larger dominance variance relative to their additive variance, indicating that genes controlling these traits have larger dominant effects, it is not suitable for the selection of single plant in offspring plants at the early stage of development, because these traits do not show up then. The alleles for traits of 1000 kernel weight and seed shell thickness have larger additive variance relative to their dominant variance, indicating that genes governing these traits have greater additive effects, with which the single plant can be selected in the progeny at the early stage of development. Although, the value of seed shell thickness has been shown to correlated positively with that of 1000 kernel weight, almost all the seeds of easily-shelled type are those with thin shell. However, ideal single plants with easily-shelled trait are those with intermediate phenotypes of seed shell thickness and 1000 kernel weight, by which the traits of large number of seeds per plant and total seed weight per plant could be selected. In the progeny population of this study, there were excellent single plants with high-yield and easily-shelled traits, of which the value of seed shell thickness was 0.17 mm (0.15 mm to 0.20 mm), the value of 1000 kernel weight was 14 g, the value of number of seeds per plant was 1137 and value of total seed weight per plant was 15.9 g. The results showed that taking the hybrid combinations of easily-shelled trait with the trait of seed shell thickness was the most effective selection indexes to breed the high-yield buckwheat varieties with the trait of easy shelling.