Tools for studying water vapor at high temperatures
Tools for studying water vapor at high temperatures
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研究高温水蒸气的工具
DOI：
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发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Y. Wouters
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
P. Berger;B. Gilles;H. Buscail;S. Chevalier;H. Evin;L. Favergeon;O. Heintz;C. Issartel;V. Ji;L. Martinelli;D. Oquab;J. Petit;M. Pijolat;S. Perrier;O. Politano;I. Popa;N. Prud’homme;F. Rabaste;F. Riffard;Y. Wouters
许多文献研究了水蒸气对金属材料高温腐蚀行为的影响。在研究水蒸气、O2-H2O或空气-H2O、H2-H2O等气氛中的氧化时，实验方法是一个重要的考虑因素。本文综述了各种实验室控制的实验参数对材料的水蒸气氧化响应的影响，并在许多文献中提出了最佳实践建议。浓缩水蒸气中的气体有两种主要方法。第一种方法是鼓泡一种气体(氢气、空气、氮气、Ar等)。通过固定温度(恒温器)的水浴。例如，在46°C的水浴中鼓泡的合成空气可以使气体中的H2O浓度达到10%。格勒诺布尔的SIMAP实验室使用连续两次水浴来获得所需的水蒸气含量。第一个浴缸用于通过在低于目标温度的温度下鼓泡来预富集气体。第二个浴缸被加热到水蒸气浓缩所需的温度。第戎的LICB团队和Le Puy en Velay的LVVEEM团队使用了略有不同的设置，其中包括冷却塔：气体通过保持在70-80°C的蒸馏水浴流动，通过将气体通过加热到正确温度的冷却塔来控制和调节H2O含量。Hayashi等人。使用相同的过程进行水蒸气实验。图1所示的实验装置有三个水源，这使得进行长期实验非常方便，因为可以根据需要多次从第一个浴缸切换到第二个或第三个浴缸。也可以通过将每个同位素放在单独的浴缸中来进行在H_216O、H_218O和D_2O中的连续实验。
Many papers deal with the effect of water vapor on the high-temperature corrosion behavior of metallic materials. Experimental procedures are an essential consideration in the study of oxidation in steam, O2-H2O or air-H2O atmospheres, H2-H2O atmospheres, etc. The influence of various laboratory-controlled experimental parameters on the steam oxidation response of materials has been reviewed, and best practice recommendations are proposed in many papers. There are two main ways of enriching a gas in water vapor. The first consists in bubbling a gas (H2, air, N2, Ar, etc.) through a water bath held at a fixed temperature (thermostat). For example, synthetic air bubbled through a water bath held at 46°C gives a 10% H2O enrichment of the gas. The SiMap laboratory in Grenoble uses two successive water baths to obtain the desired water vapor content. The first bath is used to pre-enrich the gas by bubbling at a temperature below the target temperature. The second bath is heated to the temperature required for water vapor enrichment. The LICB team in Dijon and the LVVEEM team at Le Puy en Velay use a slightly different setup that involves a cooling tower: the gas is made to flow through a distilled water bath held at 70-80°C, and the H2O fraction is controlled and adjusted by passing the gas through a cooling tower heated to the correct temperature. Hayashi et al. use the same process to perform water vapor experiments. The experimental setup presented in Figure 1 possesses three water sources, which makes it very convenient for conducting long-term experiments as it is possible to switch from the first to the second or third bath, as many times as needed. Successive experiments in H216O, H218O and D2O can also be carried out by placing each isotope in a separate bath.