γδ T cells and the immune response to respiratory syncytial virus infection
γδ T cells and the immune response to respiratory syncytial virus infection
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DOI：
10.1016/j.vetimm.2016.02.012
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发表时间：
2016-11-15
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
Sacco, Randy E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
McGill, Jodi L.;Sacco, Randy E.
γ δ T细胞是非常规T细胞的一个亚群，其在桥接免疫系统的先天和适应性臂中起关键作用。γ δ T细胞在反刍动物物种中特别丰富，并且可构成年轻牛中循环淋巴细胞库的高达60%。循环γ δ T细胞的频率在新生小牛中最高，并随着动物年龄的增长而下降，这表明这些细胞在非常年轻的免疫系统中可能特别重要。牛呼吸道合胞病毒（BRSV）是犊牛呼吸道感染的重要原因，在一岁以下的动物中最为严重。BRSV也是牛呼吸道疾病综合征（BRDC）发展的重要因素，BRDC是饲养场牛发病和死亡的主要原因。人呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV）与BRSV密切相关，是全球婴儿和儿童下呼吸道感染的主要原因。小牛中的BRSV感染与人类婴儿中的RSV感染具有惊人的相似性。迄今为止，很少有研究分别定义了γ δ T细胞在动物或人类对BRSV或RSV感染的免疫应答中的作用。然而，新出现的证据表明，γ δ T细胞可能在感染的早期识别和通过炎性趋化因子和细胞因子产生形成适应性免疫应答的发展中发挥关键作用。此外，虽然BRSV和RSV感染期间γ δ T细胞在肺中积累是明确的，但它们在保护作用与免疫病理学中的作用仍不清楚。本综述将总结目前已知的γ δ T细胞在牛对BRSV和BRDC的免疫应答中的作用，并在适当时与γ δ T细胞在人类对RSV感染的应答中的作用进行比较。(C)2016爱思唯尔B.V.保留所有权利。
gamma delta T cells are a subset of nonconventional T cells that play a critical role in bridging the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system. gamma delta T cells are particularly abundant in ruminant species and may constitute up to 60% of the circulating lymphocyte pool in young cattle. The frequency of circulating gamma delta T cells is highest in neonatal calves and declines as the animal ages, suggesting these cells may be particularly important in the immune system of the very young. Bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) is a significant cause of respiratory infection in calves, and is most severe in animals under one year of age. BRSV is also a significant factor in the development of bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC), the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in feedlot cattle. Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is closely related to BRSV and a leading cause of lower respiratory tract infection in infants and children worldwide. BRSV infection in calves shares striking similarities with RSV infection in human infants. To date, there have been few studies defining the role of gamma delta T cells in the immune response to BRSV or RSV infection in animals or humans, respectively. However, emerging evidence suggests that gamma delta T cells may play a critical role in the early recognition of infection and in shaping the development of the adaptive immune response through inflammatory chemokine and cytokine production. Further, while it is clear that gamma delta T cells accumulate in the lungs during BRSV and RSV infection, their role in protection vs. immunopathology remains unclear. This review will summarize what is currently known about the role of gamma delta T cells in the immune response to BRSV and BRDC in cattle, and where appropriate, draw parallels to the role of gamma delta T cells in the human response to RSV infection. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.