Distressed mothers and their infants use a less efficient timing mechanism in creating expectancies of each other's looking patterns.
Distressed mothers and their infants use a less efficient timing mechanism in creating expectancies of each other's looking patterns.
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陷入困境的母亲和她们的婴儿使用效率较低的计时机制来创造对彼此外表模式的期望。
DOI：
10.1007/s10936-008-9078-y
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发表时间：
2008
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Ell
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Beebe,Beatrice;Badalamenti,Anthony;Jaffe,Joseph;Feldstein,Stanley;Marquette,Lisa;Helbraun,Elizabeth;Demetri-Friedman,Donna;Flaster,Caroline;Goodman,Patricia;Kaminer,Tammy;Kaufman-Balamuth,Limor;Putterman,Jill;Stepakoff,Shanee;Ell
对事件的预测和对事件时间进程的预期是婴儿心理生活的一个重要方面，但这些预测背后的时间机制尚不清楚。标量计时，其中平均持续时间与其标准差的比率保持不变，使人们能够使用平均值的估计值作为其标准差。这是一种有效的机制，可以促进母婴互动的可预测性和期望的创造。我们说明了这一机制与母亲和婴儿的二元注视节奏看着和看着对方的脸。使用自我报告的抑郁，焦虑，自我批评和童年经历创建了两组高和低痛苦的母亲。低痛苦婴儿（对照组）100%的时间使用标量计时，大约是高痛苦婴儿的两倍。低痛苦的母亲使用标量时间大约是高痛苦母亲的九倍。在高痛苦母亲和婴儿中减少使用标量时间模式可能会使双方更难以预测对方的凝视模式。
The prediction of events and the creation of expectancies about their time course is a crucial aspect of an infant’s mental life, but temporal mechanisms underlying these predictions are obscure. Scalar timing, in which the ratio of mean durations to their standard deviations is held constant, enables a person to use an estimate of the mean for its standard deviation. It is one efficient mechanism that may facilitate predictability and the creation of expectancies in mother–infant interaction. We illustrate this mechanism with the dyadic gaze rhythm of mother and infant looking at and looking away from each other’s faces. Two groups of Hi- and Lo-Distress mothers were created using self-reported depression, anxiety, self-criticism and childhood experiences. Lo-Distress infants (controls) used scalar timing 100% of the time, about double that of Hi-Distress infants. Lo-Distress mothers used scalar timing about nine times as much as Hi-Distress mothers. The diminished use of scalar timing patterns in Hi-Distress mothers and infants may make the anticipation of each other’s gaze patterns more difficult for both partners.