Loneliness Modulates Automatic Attention to Warm and Competent Faces: Preliminary Evidence From an Eye-Tracking Study
Loneliness Modulates Automatic Attention to Warm and Competent Faces: Preliminary Evidence From an Eye-Tracking Study
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DOI：
10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02967
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发表时间：
2020-01
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Toshiki Saito;Kosuke Motoki;R. Nouchi;R. Kawashima;M. Sugiura
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Toshiki Saito;Kosuke Motoki;R. Nouchi;R. Kawashima;M. Sugiura
社会关系对人类生存至关重要。孤独是建立和维持社会关系的一个激励因素。自动注意发生在几乎没有认知努力的情况下，并且在检测生物学显著事件（例如人脸）方面起着关键作用。虽然以前的研究已经调查了孤独对社会行为的影响，但孤独对自动注意人脸的影响在很大程度上仍然未知。本研究探讨了孤独感对面孔吸引力的决定因素--面孔信息的自动注意的影响。这项研究包括43名参与者，他们对温暖和能力的面部信息进行了评级。然后，他们参与了目标-干扰物范式，其中他们看到顶部和底部的两个房屋图像，并指出图像是否相同。在这项任务中，我们提出了两个面孔作为干扰，并测量了对面孔的视觉注意力作为自动注意力，因为参与者不必注意到面孔。结果表明，主观孤独感和面部信息对自动注意有交互作用。温暖的目标会自动吸引那些感觉相对孤独的人的注意力，而有能力的目标会自动吸引那些感觉不那么孤独的人的注意力。这些结果表明，孤独适应性地影响社会信息的自动加工。
Social connections are essential for human survival. Loneliness is a motivational factor for building and maintaining social connections. Automatic attention occurs with little cognitive effort and plays a key role in detecting biologically salient events, such as human faces. Although previous studies have investigated the effect of loneliness on social behavior, the effect of loneliness on automatic attention to human faces remains largely unknown. The present study investigated the effects of loneliness on automatic visual attention to warmth and competence facial information, which determines facial attraction. This study included 43 participants who rated warmth and competence facial information. Then, they engaged with the target-distractor paradigm in which they saw two house images at the top and bottom and indicated whether the images were identical. During the task, we presented two faces as distractors and measured visual attention toward the faces as automatic attention because participants did not have to attend to the faces. The results showed an interactive effect between subjective loneliness and facial information on automatic attention. Warm targets automatically captured the attention of people feeling relatively lonely, whereas competent targets automatically captured the attention of those who felt less lonely. These results suggest that loneliness adaptively influences automatic processing of social information.