The roles of puberty and age in explaining the diminished effectiveness of parental buffering of HPA reactivity and recovery in adolescence
The roles of puberty and age in explaining the diminished effectiveness of parental buffering of HPA reactivity and recovery in adolescence
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DOI：
10.1016/j.psyneuen.2015.04.024
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发表时间：
2015-09-01
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Gunnar, Megan R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Doom, Jenalee R.;Hostinar, Camelia E.;Gunnar, Megan R.
父母的支持对婴儿和儿童的压力和恐惧反应起着强有力的调节作用，但最近的证据表明，对青少年来说，它可能是一种无效的压力缓冲。这种发展转变背后的机制尚不清楚。本研究的目的是检验青春期状态和实足年龄在解释这种转变方面的独立和共同贡献。选取75名典型发展青年（M年龄= 12.95岁，SD = 0.70，范围= 11.7-14.6岁，其中37名女性）在实验室完成改良的Trier社会压力测试（TSST-M）。参与者的招募方式是通过电话筛选青春期阶段的标志来区分青春期阶段和实足年龄，然后招募大致相同数量的年轻人和老年人，青春期前期/早期和青春期中期/晚期的青少年，然后随机分配到小组中进行条件测试。以TSST-M作为应激源，青少年与父母或陌生人（父母条件：N = 39）共同准备。在测试和处理时，青春期阶段由彼得森青春期发展量表确认，与实足年龄一起，作为分析中的连续变量。结果表明，青春期阶段和支持条件对TSST-M的皮质醇反应性有交互作用，随着青春期阶段的增加，与父母一起准备演讲对HPA轴的缓冲作用减弱。在预测皮质醇反应性时，年龄与病情没有相互作用。相比之下，随着儿童年龄的增长，父母在场对加速HPA轴恢复的效果有所下降，但青春期阶段对恢复率没有预测作用。这些模式是特定于皮质醇的，并没有观察到唾液α -淀粉酶水平或任务的主观压力等级。这些分析表明，不再把父母作为社会缓冲的转变可能是与青春期相关的神经生物学机制的结果。(C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd.版权所有。
Parental support is a powerful regulator of stress and fear responses for infants and children, but recent evidence suggests it may be an ineffective stress buffer for adolescents. The mechanisms underlying this developmental shift are not well-understood. The goal of the present study was to examine the independent and joint contributions of pubertal status and chronological age in explaining this shift. A sample of 75 typically developing youth (M age = 12.95 years, SD = 0.70, range = 11.7-14.6 years; 37 females) was recruited to complete a modified Trier Social Stress Test (TSST-M) in the laboratory. Participants were recruited in such a way as to disentangle pubertal stage and chronological age by phone screening for markers of pubertal stage and then recruiting roughly equal numbers of younger and older, pre/early and mid/late pubertal youth who were then randomly assigned within groups to condition. The TSST-M was used as the stressor and youth prepared either with their parent or stranger (parent condition: N = 39). Pubertal stage was confirmed by the Petersen Pubertal Development Scale at the time of testing and treated, along with chronological age, as a continuous variable in the analyses. The results revealed an interaction of pubertal stage and support condition for cortisol reactivity to the TSST-M such that preparing for the speech with the parent became a less potent buffer of the HPA axis as pubertal stage increased. Age did not interact with condition in predicting cortisol reactivity. In contrast, the parent's presence during speech preparation decreased in its effectiveness to hasten recovery of the HPA axis as children got older, but pubertal stage was not predictive of recovery rate. These patterns were specific to cortisol and were not observed with salivary alpha-amylase levels or subjective stress ratings for the task. These analyses suggest that the switch away from using parents as social buffers may be the result of neurobiological mechanisms associated with puberty. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.