Atlas of the neuromuscular system in the Trachymedusa Aglantha digitale : Insights from the advanced hydrozoan
Atlas of the neuromuscular system in the Trachymedusa Aglantha digitale : Insights from the advanced hydrozoan
复制标题
Trachymedusa Aglantha digitale 的神经肌肉系统图谱：来自高级水螅动物的见解
DOI：
10.1002/cne.24821
复制
发表时间：
2019
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Moroz, Leonid L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Norekian, Tigran P.;Moroz, Leonid L.
刺胞动物是两侧对称动物的姐妹分类群，因此，是理解神经系统早期起源和进化的关键参考谱系。水螅水母Aglantha digitale可以说是最好的电生理学研究的水母，因为它的巨大的轴突系统和独特的快速游泳/逃生行为。在这里，使用扫描电子显微镜和免疫组织化学结合鬼笔环肽标记，我们系统地描述了神经和肌肉系统inAglantha，总结和进一步扩大以前的知识，这个重要的参考物种的显微神经解剖学。我们发现，大多数（如果不是全部）（约2，500个）被FMRFamide抗体标记的神经元与抗α微管蛋白免疫染色显示的神经元不同，使这两种神经元标记物相互互补，因此，扩大了Aglantha中神经元的多样性，具有两个不同的神经子系统。我们的数据揭示了神经网络的复杂组织，形成了一个功能性的“环形”中枢神经系统，具有三个巨型轴突子集，十几个神经元亚型，肌肉和各种受体，这些受体与支持游泳，逃跑和进食行为的上皮传导通路完全整合。在Aglanthalineage中观察到的独特适应（包括支配横纹肌的巨大轴突）强烈支持后生动物中整合和效应系统的广泛和广泛的平行进化。
Cnidaria is the sister taxon to bilaterian animals, and therefore, represents a key reference lineage to understand early origins and evolution of the neural systems. The hydromedusaAglantha digitaleis arguably the best electrophysiologically studied jellyfish because of its system of giant axons and unique fast swimming/escape behaviors. Here, using a combination of scanning electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry together with phalloidin labeling, we systematically characterize both neural and muscular systems inAglantha, summarizing and expanding further the previous knowledge on the microscopic neuroanatomy of this crucial reference species. We found that the majority, if not all (~2,500) neurons, that are labeled by FMRFamide antibody are different from those revealed by anti‐α‐tubulin immunostaining, making these two neuronal markers complementary to each other and, therefore, expanding the diversity of neural elements inAglanthawith two distinct neural subsystems. Our data uncovered the complex organization of neural networks forming a functional “annulus‐type” central nervous system with three subsets of giant axons, dozen subtypes of neurons, muscles, and a variety of receptors fully integrated with epithelial conductive pathways supporting swimming, escape and feeding behaviors. The observed unique adaptations within theAglanthalineage (including giant axons innervating striated muscles) strongly support an extensive and wide‐spread parallel evolution of integrative and effector systems across Metazoa.