Sovereignty at bay: The multinational spread of U.S. enterprises
Sovereignty at bay: The multinational spread of U.S. enterprises
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主权陷入困境：美国企业的跨国扩张
DOI：
10.1002/tie.5060130401
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发表时间：
1971
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
R. Vernon
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
R. Vernon
弗农教授的书最好归为研究“百科全书”。他将其描述为“只不过是冰山一角”。“冰山”是1965年开始的一项研究，由福特基金会支持的许多研究人员对187家美国主要跨国公司的各种方面进行了研究。弗农博士的著作是该书的顶峰之作，汇集了其他研究的关键结论。研究内容中没有太多新内容，因此，大多数研究结果已在其他地方报道过。但这是一份写得很好的综合报告，对所有关心国际商业政策的人都很有价值。作者主要关注与主要政府经济和政治政策相互作用的商业战略。内部运作的一些方面，特别是组织，被涵盖，但相当简短，最后的结论都在公共政策层面。两个长章节致力于对美国跨国公司在原材料和制造业务方面的历史演变进行深入分析。另一章描述了公司的主要运营方面：权力所在地，财务管理等。这些章节为分析公司的公共角色和未来奠定了基础。弗农博士详尽地回顾了对跨国公司经济影响的众多评估。虽然认识到国际收支影响等问题与典型分析的相关性，但他的主要结论似乎是，对母国和东道国的影响都非常复杂，以至于无法分析。例如，在谈到对美国的影响时，他说：“不投资的决定将引发一系列后果，或好或坏，其影响将由企业以外的其他人承担……内部的影响
Professor Vernon’s book is best classed as a research “encyclopedia.” He describes it as “no more than thetip of an iceberg.” The “iceberg’’was a study started in 1965 involving many researchers supported by the Ford Foundation examining assorted aspects of 187 major U. S. multinational firms. Dr. Vernon’s volume is the capstone, pulling together the key conclusions of the other studies. There is not much that is new in the research content therefore, most of the findings having been reported elsewhere. But it is averywell written synthesis which will be of great value to all concerned with international business policy. The author’s primary focus is on business strategies which interact with major government economic and political policies. Some aspects of internal operations, notably organization, are covered but rather briefly and the final conclusions are all at the public policy level, Two long chapters are devoted to a penetrating analysis of the historical evolution of U. S. multinational firms in raw material and manufacturing operations. Another chapter describes the main operating aspects of the firms: locus of authority, financial management and the like. These chapters lay the base for analysis of the public role of the firms and the future. Dr. Vernon reviews thoroughly the numerous appraisals of the economic impact of multinational firms. While recognizing the relevance of points like balance of payments effects common to typical analyses, his primary conclusion seems to be that the effects on both home and host nations are so complex that they really defy analysis. For example, on the impact in the United States, he says,“A decision not to invest would set in train a series of consequences, benign or adverse, whose repercussions would be captured or borne by others outside the enterprise... the impact of interna-