Prevention of Soil-transmitted Helminth Infection
Prevention of Soil-transmitted Helminth Infection
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DOI：
10.4103/0974-777x.81696
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发表时间：
2011-04-01
影响因子：
1.6
通讯作者：
Mascarini-Serra, Luciene
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Mascarini-Serra, Luciene
土壤传播蠕虫（STHs）是最重要的传染病之一，是造成严重全球卫生问题的原因。最重要的STHs是蛔虫（蛔虫）、鞭虫（Trichuris trichiura）和钩虫（Necator americanus或十二指肠钩虫）；在全球范围内，有超过10亿人感染了这类病原体中的至少一种。本文综述了STHs的传播动力学、感染环境、感染强度和发病率的一般概念。控制土壤传播的寄生虫病全球战略的基础是：（一）定期驱虫治疗；（二）健康教育；（三）环境卫生和个人卫生；（四）利用疫苗和遥感的其他预防手段。讨论了制定基于人口干预而非个人治疗的控制战略的原因，以及预防性传播感染的成本，尽管这些成本并不总是能够计算出来，因为卫生教育方面的干预措施难以衡量。有效的卫生基础设施可以减少STHs的发病率，消除大多数与贫困有关的疾病的根本原因，从而支持一个国家的经济发展。
Soil-transmitted helminths (STHs) form one of the most important groups of infectious agents and are the cause of serious global health problems. The most important STHs are roundworms (Ascaris lumbricoides), whipworms (Trichuris trichiura) and hookworms (Necator americanus or Ancylostoma duodenale); on a global level, more than a billion people have been infected by at least one species of this group of pathogens. This review explores the general concepts of transmission dynamics and the environment and intensity of infection and morbidity of STHs. The global strategy for the control of soil-transmitted helminthiasis is based on (i) regular anthelminthic treatment, (ii) health education, (iii) sanitation and personal hygiene and (iv) other means of prevention with vaccines and remote sensoring. The reasons for the development of a control strategy based on population intervention rather than on individual treatment are discussed, as well as the costs of the prevention of STHs, although these cannot always be calculated because interventions in health education are difficult to measure. An efficient sanitation infrastructure can reduce the morbidity of STHs and eliminates the underlying cause of most poverty-related diseases and thus supports the economic development of a country.