Host selection and seasonal fluctuation of Leptotrombidium deliense (Walch, 1922) (Trombidiformes: Trombiculidae) at a localized area of southern Yunnan, China
Host selection and seasonal fluctuation of Leptotrombidium deliense (Walch, 1922) (Trombidiformes: Trombiculidae) at a localized area of southern Yunnan, China
复制标题
中国云南南部局部地区德利纤螨 (Walch, 1922)（Trombidiformes: Trombiculidae）的寄主选择和季节波动
DOI：
10.11158/saa.24.11.15
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发表时间：
2019-11-01
影响因子：
1.2
通讯作者：
Dong, Wenge
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lv, Yan;Guo, Xianguo;Dong, Wenge
摘要 作为恙螨的一个独立种，Leptotrombidium deliense (Walch 1922) 是中国南方恙虫病（恙虫病）最重要和最强大的传播媒介。云南省位于我国西南部，特别是云南南部，是恙虫病的重要疫源地。选择云南南部景哈村这一局部区域为研究对象，从2016年4月至2017年3月连续12个月对该村进行了实地调查。本次调查试图阐明斑疹伤寒疫源地内固定地理位置的小哺乳动物寄主选择和季节性波动，而选定的局部区域使之成为可能。总共捕获并检查了 2,434 只宿主，其中包括啮齿动物和其他一些“类似啮齿动物”的小型哺乳动物。在已鉴定的15种寄主物种中，73.33%的寄主（11种寄主）发现了L. deliense，但88.61%的螨虫来自东南亚家鼠Rattus brunneusculus。已鉴定的10属5科4目的寄主中，80.00%以上为德氏乳螨侵染，不同分类寄主间交叉侵染较为突出，但大多数（96.60%）来自啮齿动物（啮齿目），尤其是鼠属大鼠（92.95%）。这表明，虽然 L. deliense 的宿主特异性较低，但它更喜欢啮齿动物（尤其是黄鼠）而不是其他一些小型哺乳动物。褐家鼠 (Rattus brunneusculus) 是调查地点螨虫的主要宿主。雌性R. brunneusculus大鼠携带的L. deliense螨数量多于雄性大鼠（P<0.01）。德氏乳杆菌在寄主上的空间分布格局确定为聚集分布。每月采集L. deliense螨，有两个高峰（7月和10月），属于夏秋季型。 7月的第一个峰值远高于10月的第二个峰值。德氏斑疹伤寒菌的月度波动与降雨量的变化高度一致，说明夏季降雨充沛，有利于斑疹伤寒菌这一强传染媒介的发生。
Abstract As an independent species of chigger mites, Leptotrombidium deliense (Walch 1922) is the most important and powerful vector of scrub typhus (tsutsugamushi disease) in the south of China. Located in the southwest of China, Yunnan province, especially southern Yunnan, is an important focus of scrub typhus. A localized area, Jingha village in southern Yunnan, was chosen as the target site and a field investigation at the village was carried out for 12 consecutive months from April 2016 to March 2017. The investigation is an attempt to illustrate the small mammals host selection and seasonal fluctuation of L. deliense at a fixed geographical site within the focus of scrub typhus, and the selected localized area makes this possible. A total of 2,434 hosts were captured and examined, including rodents and some other “rodent-like” small mammals. Of the identified 15 host species, L. deliense was found on 73.33% of them (11 species of hosts), but 88.61% of the mites were from the Southeast Asian house rats, Rattus brunneusculus. Of 10 genera, 5 families and 4 orders of identified hosts, more than 80.00% of them were infested with L. deliense with a prominent cross infestation among different taxonomic categories of hosts, but the majority of the mites (96.60%) were collected from rodents (the order Rodentia), especially the rats in the genus Rattus (92.95%). It suggests that L. deliense prefers rodents (especially the Rattus rats) to some other small mammals although it has a low host specificity. Rattus brunneusculus is the major host of the mite in the investigated site. The female R. brunneusculus rats harbored more L. deliense mites than the male rats (P<0.01). The spatial distribution pattern of L. deliense on the hosts was determined as aggregated distribution. L. deliense mites were collected every month with two peaks (in July and October), belonging to the summer-autumn type. The first peak in July was much higher than the second peak in October. The monthly fluctuation of L. deliense was highly in accordance with that of the rainfall, which suggests the summer season with plentiful rainfall benefits the occurrence of this powerful vector of scrub typhus, L. deliense.