EVALUATION OF (S)-VERBENONE APPLICATIONS FOR SUPPRESSING SOUTHERN PINE-BEETLE (COLEOPTERA, SCOLYTIDAE) INFESTATIONS
EVALUATION OF (S)-VERBENONE APPLICATIONS FOR SUPPRESSING SOUTHERN PINE-BEETLE (COLEOPTERA, SCOLYTIDAE) INFESTATIONS
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DOI：
10.1093/jee/82.6.1702
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发表时间：
1989-12-01
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
BILLINGS, RF
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
PAYNE, TL;BILLINGS, RF
进行了现场测试，以评估甲虫产生的抑制性化合物 (S)-马鞭草酮的各种应用在抑制南方松甲虫 Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann 侵扰方面的功效。 24 个扩大的侵扰（点），大小从 22 到 140 棵活跃树木不等，代表各种林分条件，用五种不同的应用程序之一进行处理。处理包括：(A)(S)-马鞭草酮每棵树施用 4 毫升，(B)(S)-马鞭酮每棵树施用 8 毫升，(C)(S)-马鞭酮每棵树施用 8 毫升，结合砍伐所有新受攻击的树木，以及初步处理； (D) (s)-马鞭草酮与引诱剂额叶素结合，以及 (E) (S)-马鞭草酮加额叶素，加上砍伐所有受感染的树木。在所有处理中，（S）-马鞭草酮与持续释放的液体聚合物混合，并在侵染的前头施用于未受侵染树木的马蹄形缓冲液。为了吸引新出现的甲虫远离前进的头部，在处理 D 和 E 中，将额甲素（一种甲虫产生的引诱剂）应用于非寄主树木或先前被甲虫侵染的寄主树木的侵扰中心。为了测量治疗效果，将治疗后的斑点生长率与治疗前的侵染生长率进行比较。将处理前后观察到的斑点生长率与南方松甲虫斑点生长预测模型生成的斑点生长预测进行比较。结果表明，治疗 C 是所测试的最有效、最实用的治疗方法。用这种应用处理的所有五种侵染中的斑点生长都完全停止，很少或没有额外的树木受到攻击。处理 B 被证明在减缓小或中等大小斑点的斑点生长速度方面相对有效。处理 E 可以有效地完全阻止锯木林中两次大规模侵染的斑点生长，但该处理需要使用两种行为化学物质。与其他处理相比，处理 A 和 D 在破坏斑点生长方面不太成功。
Field tests were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of various applications fo the beetle-produced, inhibitory compound (S)-verbenone for suppressing infestations of the southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann. Twenty-four expanding infestations (spots), ranging in size from 22 to 140 active trees, and representing a variety of stand conditions, were treated with one of five different applications. Treatments included: (A) (S)-verbenone applied at the rate of 4 ml per tree, (B) (S)-verbenone applied at 8 ml per tree, (C) (S)-verbenone at 8 ml per tree in combination with felling all freshly-attacked trees, and the preliminary treatments; (D) (s)-verbenone in combination with the attractant frontalin, and (E) (S)-verbenone plus frontalin, plus felling all infested trees. In all treatments, (S)-verbenone was mixed with a sustained release liquid polymer and applied to a horseshoe-shaped buffer of uninfested trees at the advancing head of the infestation. To draw emerging beetles away from the advancing head, in Treatments D and E, frontalin, a beetle-produced attractant, was applied in the center of the infestation to nonhost trees or to host trees previously infested by beetles. To measure treatment efficacy, rates of spot growth following treatment were compared with pretreatment infestation growth rates. Observed rates of spot growth before and after treatment were compared with spot growth projections generated by a southern pine beetle spot growth prediction model. Results showed that Treatment C was the most effective and practical treatment tested. Spot growth in all five infestations treated with this application was completely halted with few or no additional trees being attacked. Treatment B proved relatively effective in slowing rates of spot growth in small or moderate-sized spots. Treatment E was effective in completely halting spot growth in two large infestations in sawtimber stands, but the treatment required the use of two behavioral chemicals. Treatments A and D were less successful in disrupting spot growth than the other treatments.