Apple Pollination: Demand Depends on Variety and Supply Depends on Pollinator Identity.
Apple Pollination: Demand Depends on Variety and Supply Depends on Pollinator Identity.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0153889
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Potts SG
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Garratt MP;Breeze TD;Boreux V;Fountain MT;McKerchar M;Webber SM;Coston DJ;Jenner N;Dean R;Westbury DB;Biesmeijer JC;Potts SG
昆虫授粉是苹果生产的基础，但不同的授粉者公会在多大程度上提供这种服务，特别是在不同的苹果品种，是未知的。如果适当的果园管理措施是有针对性的，并与传粉物种可能提供的潜在利益成比例，这种信息是必不可少的。在这里，我们使用一种新的组合授粉有效性测定（花访问的有效性），果园实地调查（花访问率）和授粉依赖操纵（授粉排除实验），以量化提供授粉服务的四个不同的授粉者公会生产的四个商业品种的苹果。我们发现，并不是所有的传粉者都同样有效地授粉苹果，与hoverflies是不太有效的比孤独的蜜蜂和熊蜂，不同的传粉者公会访问不同品种的苹果花的相对丰度差异显着。在此基础上，分类群的具体经济效益，英国苹果生产已经建立。在英国，昆虫传粉者对所有品种经济产出的贡献估计为9210万英镑，不同分类群的贡献差异很大：单性蜜蜂（5140万英镑），蜜蜂（2140万英镑），大黄蜂（1860万英镑）和食蚜蝇（70万英镑）。这项研究突出了四个昆虫传粉者公会的经济效益的差异，在英国的四个主要苹果品种。这些信息对于支持授粉服务管理的适当投资至关重要，并提供了一个可用于其他虫媒作物的模型，以提高我们对作物授粉生态学的理解。
Insect pollination underpins apple production but the extent to which different pollinator guilds supply this service, particularly across different apple varieties, is unknown. Such information is essential if appropriate orchard management practices are to be targeted and proportional to the potential benefits pollinator species may provide. Here we use a novel combination of pollinator effectiveness assays (floral visit effectiveness), orchard field surveys (flower visitation rate) and pollinator dependence manipulations (pollinator exclusion experiments) to quantify the supply of pollination services provided by four different pollinator guilds to the production of four commercial varieties of apple. We show that not all pollinators are equally effective at pollinating apples, with hoverflies being less effective than solitary bees and bumblebees, and the relative abundance of different pollinator guilds visiting apple flowers of different varieties varies significantly. Based on this, the taxa specific economic benefits to UK apple production have been established. The contribution of insect pollinators to the economic output in all varieties was estimated to be £92.1M across the UK, with contributions varying widely across taxa: solitary bees (£51.4M), honeybees (£21.4M), bumblebees (£18.6M) and hoverflies (£0.7M). This research highlights the differences in the economic benefits of four insect pollinator guilds to four major apple varieties in the UK. This information is essential to underpin appropriate investment in pollination services management and provides a model that can be used in other entomolophilous crops to improve our understanding of crop pollination ecology.