Variation in organophosphate pesticide metabolites in urine of children living in agricultural communities.
Variation in organophosphate pesticide metabolites in urine of children living in agricultural communities.
复制标题
居住在农业社区的儿童尿液中有机磷酸盐农药代谢物的变化。
DOI：
10.1289/ehp.6890
复制
发表时间：
2005-04
影响因子：
10.4
通讯作者：
McCauley, Linda
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lambert, William E;Lasarev, Michael;Muniz, Juan;Scherer, Jennifer;Rothlein, Joan;Santana, Juanita;McCauley, Linda
由于“带回家”的运输过程和居住地点，移徙农场工人的子女接触有机磷农药的风险增加。虽然这种风险状况得到普遍承认，但现有报告很少描述农业社区的风险程度。我们对来自俄勒冈州三个社区的176名2-6岁儿童的尿液系列样本中的磷酸二烷基酯（DAP）水平进行了定量，这些社区拥有不同的农业产业：梨、樱桃和水果浆果。在父母工作季节的开始、中间和结束时，从儿童身上收集了多达三份尿样。在三个农业社区的儿童尿样中，最常检测到的代谢物二甲基硫代磷酸盐（DMTP）的中位水平显著较高（17.5、19.0和41.0 ng/mL），相对于生活在城市社区且父母不从事农业的儿童参考组（6.5 ng/mL; Kruskal-Wallis，p < 0.001）。在控制了年龄、性别和体重后，梨社区儿童DMTP的中位数水平是浆果社区儿童DMTP水平的1.92倍[95%置信区间（CI），1.14-3.23]，是樱桃社区儿童DMTP水平的1.75倍[95%CI，0.95-3.23]。我们观察到整个工作季节的DMTP水平的增加，只有在浆果社区。樱桃群落中的水平下降，而梨群落中的水平保持不变。随访儿童的时间变化很大，这表明需要多份尿样来最准确地表征长期和/或累积暴露。在不同社区和不同时间观察到的尿中磷酸二氢钾水平的变化可能归因于所使用的有机磷农药的类型和数量、应用的时间和环境中残留物的降解、工作操作和卫生习惯、住房与果园和田地的接近程度或这些工人家庭的移动。需要对农业地区农药暴露的变化进行更多的研究。
Children of migrant farmworkers are at increased risk of exposure to organophosphate pesticides because of “carry-home” transport processes and residential location. Although this at-risk status is generally recognized, few available reports describe the extent of this exposure among agricultural communities. We quantified dialkyl phosphate (DAP) levels in serial samples of urine from 176 children, 2–6 years of age, in three Oregon communities hosting differing agricultural industries: pears, cherries, and fruit berries. Up to three spot samples of urine were collected from children at the beginning, mid-point, and end of their parents’ work seasons. The median levels of dimethylthiophosphate (DMTP), the most commonly detected metabolite, was significantly higher in urine samples from children in each of the three agricultural communities (17.5, 19.0, and 41.0 ng/mL) relative to a reference group of children who lived in an urban community and whose parents did not work in agriculture (6.5 ng/mL; Kruskal-Wallis, p < 0.001). After controlling for age, sex, and weight, the median level of DMTP in children in the pear community was 1.92 times higher than the level in children of the berry community [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.14–3.23] and 1.75 times higher than the level in children of the cherry community (95% CI, 0.95–3.23). We observed increasing levels of DMTP across the work season only within the berry community. Levels decreased in the cherry community and remained constant in the pear community. Substantial temporal variation within the children followed demonstrates the need for multiple urine samples to most accurately characterize longer term and/or cumulative exposure. The observed variability in urinary DAP levels, between communities and over time, could be attributed to the types and amounts of organophosphate pesticides used, the timing of applications and degradation of residues in the environment, work operations and hygiene practices, the proximity of housing to orchards and fields, or the movement of these working families. Additional studies of variation in pesticide exposure across agricultural regions are needed.