The Engineering of Climate Engineering
The Engineering of Climate Engineering
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DOI：
10.1146/annurev-control-053018-023725
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发表时间：
2019-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Kravitz, Ben
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
MacMartin, Douglas G.;Kravitz, Ben
虽然减少人为温室气体排放仍然是任何管理气候变化风险战略的最基本要素，但原则上也可以通过将一些阳光反射回太空来直接冷却气候。这样的气候工程方法包括向平流层中添加气溶胶和使海洋云变亮。评估这些想法是否可以降低风险需要广泛的、多学科的研究工作，涵盖气候科学、社会科学和治理。然而，如果使用这样的策略，这种努力也将构成有史以来最关键的工程设计和控制挑战之一：为具有许多输入变量，许多测量和大量内部自由度的高度不确定和非线性动态系统做出实时决策，其动力学跨越了广泛的时间尺度。在这里，我们回顾了气候工程的工程设计方面，讨论了迄今为止的进展和仍然需要解决的挑战。
While reducing anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions remains the most essential element of any strategy to manage climate change risk, it is also in principle possible to directly cool the climate by reflecting some sunlight back to space. Such climate engineering approaches include adding aerosols to the stratosphere and marine cloud brightening. Assessing whether these ideas could reduce risk requires a broad, multidisciplinary research effort spanning climate science, social sciences, and governance. However, if such strategies were ever used, the effort would also constitute one of the most critical engineering design and control challenges ever considered: making real-time decisions for a highly uncertain and nonlinear dynamic system with many input variables, many measurements, and a vast number of internal degrees of freedom, the dynamics of which span a wide range of timescales. Here, we review the engineering design aspects of climate engineering, discussing both progress to date and remaining challenges that will need to be addressed.