Robust versus consistent variance estimators in marginal structural Cox models

Robust versus consistent variance estimators in marginal structural Cox models
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边际结构 Cox 模型中的稳健方差估计与一致方差估计

DOI:
10.1002/sim.7823
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发表时间:
2018
影响因子:
2
通讯作者:
Pigeot
Pigeot
中科院分区:
医学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Enders;Susanne;Linder;Roland;Pigeot

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在生存分析中,边际结构Cox模型中参数的逆治疗概率(IPT)和逆截尾概率(IPC)加权估计常被用来估计存在时间依赖混杂和截尾的治疗效果。在大多数应用中,计算IPT和IPC加权估计的稳健方差估计导致保守的可信区间。该估计器假定权重是已知的,而不是从数据估计的。虽然IPT和IPC加权估计量的渐近方差的一致估计量是普遍可用的,但应用程序以及关于该一致估计量的性能的信息都是缺乏的。原因可能是在统计软件中执行起来很麻烦,缺少方差公式的细节使情况变得更加复杂。在本文中,我们给出了IPT和IPC加权估计的渐近分布的方差的详细推导,并明确地说明了计算这种方差的一致估计所必需的条件。我们比较了稳健和一致的方差估计器在基于常规医疗保健数据的应用程序和在模拟研究中的性能。模拟结果表明,在没有未测量混杂的中大数据集上,两种估计量之间没有显著差异,但如果混杂因子数目较多,则一致方差估计在小样本或未测量混杂情况下的性能较差。因此,我们得出结论,稳健估计更适合于所有的实际目的。
In survival analyses, inverse‐probability‐of‐treatment (IPT) and inverse‐probability‐of‐censoring (IPC) weighted estimators of parameters in marginal structural Cox models are often used to estimate treatment effects in the presence of time‐dependent confounding and censoring. In most applications, a robust variance estimator of the IPT and IPC weighted estimator is calculated leading to conservative confidence intervals. This estimator assumes that the weights are known rather than estimated from the data. Although a consistent estimator of the asymptotic variance of the IPT and IPC weighted estimator is generally available, applications and thus information on the performance of the consistent estimator are lacking. Reasons might be a cumbersome implementation in statistical software, which is further complicated by missing details on the variance formula. In this paper, we therefore provide a detailed derivation of the variance of the asymptotic distribution of the IPT and IPC weighted estimator and explicitly state the necessary terms to calculate a consistent estimator of this variance. We compare the performance of the robust and consistent variance estimators in an application based on routine health care data and in a simulation study. The simulation reveals no substantial differences between the 2 estimators in medium and large data sets with no unmeasured confounding, but the consistent variance estimator performs poorly in small samples or under unmeasured confounding, if the number of confounders is large. We thus conclude that the robust estimator is more appropriate for all practical purposes.
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