Paranoia as a deficit in non-social belief updating
Paranoia as a deficit in non-social belief updating
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DOI：
10.7554/elife.56345
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发表时间：
2020-05-26
期刊：
影响因子：
7.7
通讯作者：
Corlett, Philip R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Reed, Erin J.;Uddenberg, Stefan;Corlett, Philip R.
偏执狂是相信伤害是别人故意的。它可能产生于选择性的压力，以推断和避免社会威胁，特别是在模棱两可或不断变化的情况下。我们认为，不确定性可能足以引起偏执型个体的学习差异，而没有社会威胁。我们使用逆向学习行为和计算建模来估计有和没有精神疾病的个体、在线参与者和长期暴露于甲基苯丙胺（人类偏执狂的诱发剂）的大鼠的信念更新。偏执狂与波动性更强的先验相关，伴随着对任务环境中感知变化的敏感性升高。甲基苯丙胺暴露在大鼠概括了这种受损的不确定性驱动的信念更新和刚性预期的一个动荡的环境。我们的工作提供了证据，基本的，领域一般的学习差异偏执的个人。这种范式使人们能够进一步评估个体和物种之间的不确定性和信念更新之间的相互作用。
Paranoia is the belief that harm is intended by others. It may arise from selective pressures to infer and avoid social threats, particularly in ambiguous or changing circumstances. We propose that uncertainty may be sufficient to elicit learning differences in paranoid individuals, without social threat. We used reversal learning behavior and computational modeling to estimate belief updating across individuals with and without mental illness, online participants, and rats chronically exposed to methamphetamine, an elicitor of paranoia in humans. Paranoia is associated with a stronger prior on volatility, accompanied by elevated sensitivity to perceived changes in the task environment. Methamphetamine exposure in rats recapitulates this impaired uncertainty-driven belief updating and rigid anticipation of a volatile environment. Our work provides evidence of fundamental, domain-general learning differences in paranoid individuals. This paradigm enables further assessment of the interplay between uncertainty and belief-updating across individuals and species.