Incidence and demographic risk factors for leptospirosis in dogs in the UK.
Incidence and demographic risk factors for leptospirosis in dogs in the UK.
复制标题
英国犬钩端螺旋体病的发病率和人口危险因素。
DOI：
10.1002/vetr.512
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发表时间：
2022
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Taylor C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Taylor C
目的评估2016年英国临床护理犬钩端螺旋体病诊断的年发病率风险，并确定诊断的危险因素。方法根据兽医指南针计划（n= 905,543）初级保健实践中的狗，估计2016年犬钩端螺旋体病诊断的发病率。通过多变量logistic回归，对实验室病例（n= 362）与VetCompass对照进行病例对照研究，探讨了与钩端螺旋体病诊断相关的因素（年龄、性别、绝育、品种、养犬俱乐部组、城市-农村位置、剥夺指数）。结果VetCompass人群钩端螺旋体病的年发病率为0.8例/ 10万只（0.0008%,95% CI 9.1 × 10-8-5.2 × 10-5）。成年狗，尤其是1 - 5岁以下的狗（比值比[OR] = 0.38, 95% CI 0.27-0.54）和在城市诊所就诊的狗（OR = 0.26, 95% CI 0.19-0.35）与1岁以下的狗和农村狗相比，患钩端螺旋体病的几率分别降低。与杂交犬相比，在贫困地区就诊的狗的诊断率增加（OR = 3.63, 95% CI 2.28-5.78），可卡犬（OR = 4.25, 95% CI 2.65-6.84），柯利犬（OR = 3.53, 95% CI 2.22-5.62）和Lurchers （OR = 3.49, 95% CI 1.50-8.11）的诊断率增加。钩端螺旋体病在临床实践中很少被诊断出来，这表明许多真实病例可能被遗漏。这里确定的人口危险因素可以告知怀疑指数，并鼓励更多地使用确认性诊断测试。
ObjectivesTo estimate the annual incidence risk of leptospirosis diagnosis in practice‐attending dogs in the UK during 2016 and identify risk factors for diagnosis.MethodsIncidence of leptospirosis diagnosis in dogs during 2016 was estimated from dogs in primary‐care practices from the VetCompass Programme (n= 905,543). A case‐control study of laboratory cases (n= 362) versus VetCompass controls explored factors (age, sex, neutering, breed, Kennel Club group, urban‐rural location, indices of deprivation) associated with leptospirosis diagnosis through multivariable logistic regression.ResultsAnnual incidence risk of leptospirosis in the VetCompass population was 0.8 cases per 100,000 dogs (0.0008%, 95% CI 9.1 × 10–8–5.2 × 10–5). Adult dogs, especially 1‐ < 5 years olds (odds ratio [OR] = 0.38, 95% CI 0.27–0.54), and dogs attending urban clinics (OR = 0.26, 95% CI 0.19–0.35) had reduced odds of leptospirosis versus dogs < 1 year old and rural dogs, respectively. Dogs attending clinics in less deprived areas had increased odds of diagnosis (OR = 3.63, 95% CI 2.28–5.78) compared to crossbreds, Cocker Spaniels (OR = 4.25, 95% CI 2.65–6.84), Collies (OR = 3.53, 95% CI 2.22–5.62) and Lurchers (OR = 3.49, 95% CI 1.50–8.11) had increased odds of diagnosis.DiscussionLeptospirosis is rarely diagnosed in clinical practice, suggesting that many true cases may be missed. Demographic risk factors identified here may inform the index of suspicion and encourage increased use of confirmatory diagnostic testing.