Do individual characteristics explain variation in sanction risk updating among serious juvenile offenders? Advancing the logic of differential deterrence.
Do individual characteristics explain variation in sanction risk updating among serious juvenile offenders? Advancing the logic of differential deterrence.
复制标题
个体特征是否可以解释严重青少年犯罪者制裁风险更新的差异？
DOI：
10.1037/h0093990
复制
发表时间：
2013
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Piquero,AlexR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Thomas,KyleJ;Loughran,ThomasA;Piquero,AlexR
最近的威慑理论和实证研究发现了不同威慑力的证据，或者制裁的效果在不同人之间并不统一。该领域的重要问题仍有待探讨，本研究考虑了一个核心问题：风险认知的重要的跨个体差异是否可以与重要的个人层面因素联系起来。本文扩展了 Anwar 和 Loughran (2011) 开发的贝叶斯风险更新模型，以确定个人对新犯罪信息的权重是否因个人特征而异。使用来自严重青少年罪犯样本的纵向数据，我们发现逮捕对更新风险认知的影响因智商和早期行为问题而异。特别是，语言智商较低的人和早期表现出行为问题的人更重视新信息，这表明传统上被视为犯罪倾向较高的人更容易受到逮捕的影响，因此他们在被捕后更有可能增加犯罪时被抓的风险。研究结果支持这样的观点，即高倾向犯罪者比低倾向个人更容易受到正式制裁的影响，因此（可能）更具威慑力。（PsycINFO 数据库记录 (c) 2016 APA，保留所有权利）
Recent theoretical and empirical research in deterrence has detected evidence of differential deterrability, or that the effect of sanctions is not uniform across persons. Important questions in this area remain to be explored, and this study considered a central question: Whether important across-individual variability in risk perceptions can be tied to important individual-level factors. This article extends the Bayesian risk updating model developed by Anwar and Loughran (2011) to determine whether the weight individuals place on new offending information differs across persons on the basis of individual characteristics. Using longitudinal data from a sample of serious youthful offenders, we found that the effect of an arrest on updated risk perceptions differs as a function of IQ and early behavioral problems. In particular, individuals low in verbal IQ and those who display early behavioral problems place greater weight on new information, suggesting that individuals who are traditionally viewed as being high in criminal propensity are more affected by arrest such that they are more likely to increase their perceived risk of getting caught when offending after experiencing an arrest. Findings support the idea that high-propensity offenders are more responsive to formal sanctions, and thus (potentially) more deterrable, than low-propensity individuals.(PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)