Assessment and modeling of groundwater quality using WQI and GIS in Upper Egypt area
Assessment and modeling of groundwater quality using WQI and GIS in Upper Egypt area
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DOI：
10.1007/s11356-017-8617-1
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发表时间：
2018-11-01
影响因子：
5.8
通讯作者：
Rabeiy, Ragab ElSayed
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Rabeiy, Ragab ElSayed
在埃及这样的干旱国家，人口的不断增长和发展需要更多的淡水用于饮用、灌溉和生活。地下水水质评价是保证地下水适宜性的重要研究内容。在这项研究中，在上埃及中部地区（索哈杰省）采集了812个地下水样本，以评估用于饮用和灌溉目的的地下水质量。分析了每个地下水样品的11个水质参数（Na+、K+、Ca 2+、Mg 2+、HCO 3-SO 42-、Fe 2+、Mn 2+、Cl-、电导率和pH），以利用它们进行水质评价。采用经典统计学方法对原始数据进行处理，分析了调查区土壤理化参数的分布特征。地下水参数之间的关系进行了测试，使用的相关系数，其中一个很强的关系被发现之间的几个水参数，如Ca 2+和Cl-。水质指数（WQI）是一种将多个水质参数转化为单一指标值来表征水质水平的数学模型。WQI结果显示，20%的地下水样品为优，75%为良，7%为极差，只有1%的样品不适合饮用。为了检验地下水的灌溉适宜性，使用了三个指标：钠吸附率（SAR）、钠百分比（Na%）和渗透指数（PI）。在灌溉适宜性方面，大部分样点适宜灌溉，只有不到3%的样点不适宜灌溉。利用GIS对WQI、SAR、Na%、PI和各地下水参数的估计值的空间分布进行了空间建模。
The continuous growth and development of population need more fresh water for drinking, irrigation, and domestic in arid countries like Egypt. Evaluation the quality of groundwater is an essential study to ensure its suitability for different purposes. In this study, 812 groundwater samples were taken within the middle area of Upper Egypt (Sohag Governorate) to assess the quality of groundwater for drinking and irrigation purposes. Eleven water parameters were analyzed at each groundwater sample (Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, HCO3- SO42-, Fe2+, Mn2+, Cl-, electrical conductivity, and pH) to exploit them in water quality evaluation. A classical statistics were applied for the raw data to examine the distribution of physicochemical parameters in the investigated area. The relationship between groundwater parameters was tested using the correlation coefficient where a strong relationship was found between several water parameters such as Ca2+ and Cl-. Water quality index (WQI) is a mathematical model used to transform many water parameters into a single indicator value which represents the water quality level. Results of WQI showed that 20% of groundwater samples are excellent, 75% are good for drinking, and 7% are very poor water while only 1% of samples are unsuitable for drinking. To test the suitability of groundwater for irrigation, three indices are used; they are sodium adsorption ration (SAR), sodium percentage (Na%), and permeability index (PI). For irrigation suitability, the study proved that most sampling sites are suitable while less than 3% are unsuitable for irrigation. The spatial distribution of the estimated values of WQI, SAR, Na%, PI, and each groundwater parameter was spatially modeled using GIS.